KL ,f^^ xr ^■31-34 LORIDE OF SULPHUR ULPHIDE OF CARBON BON TETRA-CHLORIDE ALCANNIN PASTE jeo. W. Speaight, ==ultoa St., New York The BEST BUCKLES for ARCTICS ARB HADB BY THE WELD MFQ. CO., 41 Lincoln Street, - • Boston. ft If RAIN COATS Must have tbii Circular Trade Mark atamped la inside of coat.. f .uTCHOUC %\mkU^ Edited by HENRY C. PEARSON-Of flees. No. 150 Nassau Street. NEW YORK. foL XXXIII. No. 1. OCTOBER 1, 1905. 86 CoBti a Copy. $8.00 For Tear. ESTABLISHED 1859. .RU£ THE LIVERPOOL RUBBER COMPANY, Ltd. LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND. M ■ I « I ^ The highest grade of Rubber Boots and Shoes, " Liver ^' and ** Ideal" Canvas Shoes, etc., etc. High grade Mechanical, Engineering and Mill Work, Railway Springs, Valves, Buffers, Sheets, Insertion, Rings, Bladders, Deckles, Printers' Blankets, Hose, Belting, Mats, Packing, etc., etc. Cycle and Carriage Tires, '' Lockfast " pneumatic, single tube, cushion and solid. India Rubber Thread. CHIEF OFFICE: 292 VAUXHALL RD., LIVERPOOL, and at 34 Aldermanbury, London, E. C, 20 Rue des Marais, Paris, o 333 Kent St., Sydney, New South Wales. Factories: Vauxhall Road, and Walton, LiverpooL Mtntion the India Rubber World when j/ou write. Ghlorid of Sulphu Carbii tetra- Chlorid Larges Maker! in the World, Acker Process Co. Niagari Falls, N. SEE PAGE XXVI BENZOL, the Most Powerful Solvent for Rubber. Lowest Prices. SAMUEL CABOT BOSTON, MASS. II THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1905. ESTABLISHED 1854, Floor Area of Factories and Warehouse, 21 Acres. The Largest Rubber Factor> in Canada, and one of the Largest in the World. TKAOC MARK THE CANADIAN RUBBER COMPANY OF MONTREAL Limited MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF High Grade Mechanical Rubber Goods AND SOLE MAKERS OF THE ^^i^^Ii^*^" CANADIAN'' ^^"bbers. SHOE output: 15,000 PAIRS DAILY. Bcltin^g, Hose, Packin^g, Light Mechanical and Moulded Rubber Goods, Druggists' Sundries, Sporting and Stationers' Goods, Horse Shoe Pads, Rubber Heels. Rubber Tires, Both Solid and Pneumatic, For Automobiles, Carriages and Bicycles, Carriage Cloth, Clothing and Proofing. Plumbers' Goods, Patent Tiling, Everything in {Rubber Specialties. n FIRE HOSE AND FIRE DEPARTMENT SUPPLIES. Sole Agents In Canada for The Fabric Fire Hose Co., N. Y. Factory and Executive Offices: MONTREAL, QUEBEC. Wc are always open to correspond with experienced Robber men, both for Factory and Executive Work. Sales Branches : HALIFAX, N. S., MONTREAL, Que.. TORONTO. Ont.. WINNIPEQ. Man., VANCOUVER, B. C. D. LORNE McQIBBON. Gen'l Hgr. Mention The India Rubber World when you tvrite. Inventions kindred to the Trade and ideas for development in- vited. Our Development De- partment gives these matters special attention. October i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER ^VORLD WHERE RUBBER FIGURES IN THE NEWS. WPo^ Fablished on the 1st of each Month by THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING CO. No. 150 NASSAU ST.. NEW YORK. HENRY C. PEARSON, EDITOR. HAWTHORNE HILL, ASSOCIATE. Vol. 33. OCTOBER 1, 1905. No. 1. SCBSORiPTioNa : $3.00 per year, $1.76 for six months, postpaid, for the United Slates and Canada. Foreign countries, same price. Special Kates for Clubs of live, ten or more subscribers. Advertising: Kates will be made known on application. Remittances ; Should always be made bybank draft. Post Office Orders or Express Money orders on New York, payable to The India Kubbek PuBLisHiNual Tost order, payable as above. Discontinuances : Yearly orders for subscriptions and advertising are regarded as permanent, and after the tirst twelve months they will bedlscontinued only at the request of the subscriber or advertiser. Bills are rendered promptly at the beginning of each period, and thereby our patrons have due notice of continuance. COPYRIGHT, 190s, B Y THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING CO. Entered at New York Post Office as mall matter of the second-class. TABLt OF CONTENTS. PAOK. Kditorlal: Where Rubber Fienres in the News 1 A Comlui; Creat Use of Kubber Hose a Minor Ediloiial •> The "Guayule" Rubber Plant-III 3 [With 3 Illustrations.] New Trade Fablications 4 A Glimpse of Rubber Planting in Costa Rica The Editor 5 [Willi I" Illuslralions.] Interest in "Sapium" Rubber in the Far East 10 [With a report by Mr. Herbert Wright.] The India- Rubber Trade in Great Britain. Our Bcaular CorreKpondaU 11 [ The W.iterpruof Trade. Mastic Michelin. The Card Clothing Indus- try. Reclaimed Rubber Patents. Lawn Tennis Balls. Ceylon Rubber Plantinp. White Lead Legislation. New Rubber Scrap Machine. Fu- ture Price of Sulphur.] Bad Conditions in tlie Acre Rubber District Franco Vicira 13 Rubber Monopoly in Nicaragua 14 The Progress of Rubber Planting 15 [Malacca Rubber Plantations. Limited. Rubber at the Penang Show. Notes on Plantations in Me,\ico. Rubber Taoping in Nicaragua ] [With I Illustration ] Recent Rubber Patents 17 (L'nited States. Great Britain. France.] Vacuum and Compressed Air Cleaning in New Yirk Frank L. Blanchard 19 [With 2 Illustrations.] Obituary— Joseph West Green ai [With a Portrait.] New Goods and Specialties in Rubber 22 [Goodrich Surgeons' Syringe Outlit. Dr. Tullar's Vaginal Spray. A Sev. Kelly-Springfield Tire Feature. Trouser Robe for Motorisls. An Adjustable Fountain Syringe Shut-off. The '* Handy" Tobacco Pouch. Goodrich Three Finger Glove. Foster Crimped Fiber Sole.] [With lu Illustrations.] Rubber Interests in Europe 24 Miscellaneous : 'rill- Ubero Planting Companies 2 iLullarubber Goods liiCommerce 4 Uevelopnieut of Colombia 9 Colorado Uubber' Hoodooed" g The Return of Mr. Flint (/(!«.'!(ra(ed) 23 Trade CLish Over Golf Kails 29 The Textile Goods .Market SO News of the American Rubber Trade 25 [With Portraits of N. K Ailing and F. H. Applelon.] Review of the Crude Rubber Market 30 T^HE eager interest with which the planting element in ■*■ the Far East seizes upon whatever may pertain to rubber is illu.strated on another page of this issue, on (vhich we reproduce a report cabled to a leading Ceylon, -^j^^ newspaper, summarizing from The India Ruhber World ^ an account of a new source of Amazon rubber. The Ceylon paper's correspondent felt that the mails were too slow to convey the facts to his home office, and through his use of the cable the editor at Colombo was able, two weeks before the arrival of Tiik India Ruhukr M'orld, to obtain and print some expert information from the local government botanical service and to discuss the whole subject editorially. It is plain that journalists so experienced as those in charge of T//e Times of Ceylon would hardly resort to such use of the ocean telegraph if not convinced of the acute interest of their reading public in rubber and its produc- tion. The planters may have to wait for six or seven years for the first yield of rubber from a given planting, but are unwilling to wait seven days for any facts which may have an important bearing upon the future of the rubber culture. But the use of the cable to carry rubber news to the Far P-ast is not new ; the planters out there — and a lot of oth- ers as well — want to know the prices paid at each London rubber auction before the next day, and their evening newspapers supply the information. It has been usual to speak of the people of the Amazon regions as living by rubber, but the European residents of Ceylon and the Straits will soon be in the same position if half their plans and projects as reflected in the daily journals out there should materialize. Already rubber seems to have entered into the life of the people there in as many ways as cotton in the southern United States or coal in Pennsylvania. It occupies the attention of the local governments ; it is the subject of scientific investigation ; it figures in the trans- actions of what serve as the local stock exchanges ; and what is more, real rubber forms part of the exports and is the basis of income of a lot of people. His Kxcellency the governor of the Straits Settlements, in opening the recent big agricultural fair at Penang, at which the interest in plantation rubber exhibits exceeded that in any other feature of the show, spoke at length of the rubber prospects, warning planters not to let the company promo- ters profit too greatly at their expense. Naturally the for- mation of large planting companies is being undertaken on all sides, and their shares are quoted in London finan- cial circles along with American railway securities and South African mining stocks, but it would be a mistake to assume that the interest in rubber planting in the lirit- ish colonies is due, even in large part, to company pro- moters. What the Colombo and Singapore and Kuala Lumpur papers put before their readers morning and evening is data contributed by practical planters on the kind of soil best suited for rubber, methods of extracting the latex and coagulating it, and other such like details, all with a view to THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1905. the best development of the new interest through a free exchange of views and experiences. Real profits already realized are reported ; not estimates of future possibilities. All this is as it should be, and it is the best earnest of a firm foundation for rubber culture as a lasting and profit- able business. There is no other part of the world where rubber figures so largely in the real news of the day — in the printed news, we mean — as in the colonies above named, and doubtless the people there would be surprised to know that there are some folks elsewhere who suppose the result of all rubber planting to date to be summed up in one word — failure. A COMING GREAT USE OF RUBBER HOSE. /^F the newer applications of India-rubber, one which ^-^ seems especially practical and destined to come into wide use is in the form of hose for the compressed-air and vacuum systems of house cleaning, in regard to which some details are given elsewhere in this paper. Medical science long has taught the importance of cleanliness as a means to health, but it has remained for twentieth century invent- ors to show the world what a really clean house is like. And self respecting and intelligent people, once having their eyes opened, will not be content with the old stand- ards of cleanliness. It is not too much to give the new house cleaning meth- ods a place with the most notable discoveries in the history of sanitation. These words, by the way, are not written in the interest of any one of the several somewhat different house cleaning systems now offered for public support, for The India Rubber World is not in a position to insti- tute any comparison among them, but we are willing to be quoted freely in advocacy of the general principles in- volved. The reason for introducing the subject here is to note the importance of the new demand for raw rubber which un- doubtedly will follow the more general public appreciation of the new era of cleanliness which the pneumatic system is ushering in. Apart from the sanitary aspect — which appeals to all good people — this new use of flexible hose cannot fail to be a matter of great importance to the rub- ber industry and likewise to the producers of raw rubber. Mr. Blanchard's contribution to this subject, by the way, relates mainly to the cleaning of private and public build- ings — to premises occupied by people as residences or for office and other similar purposes. But an English inventor has opened a new line of development which widens the field enormously. His suggestion relates to ridding coal mines of the dust which is now a fruitful cause of explosions, to say nothing of the injurious effect upon the health of the miners. If this pneumatic cleaning proves practical in collieries, there is scarcely a form of industry to which the same principle may not be applied ultimately, with the re- sult of making the work more healthful in general, even if it does not always, as in the case of coal mining, remove a distinct menace to life. We shall expect to see a great increase in the use of rub- ber hose, due to the new era of cleanliness. The continued high price of rubber is convincirg evidence of the active demand for rubber goods. If the horse should be annihilated by the automobile. may we expect to see the race tracks given over to the rubber tired red devils and blue devils and yellow devils, with crowds betting on contests of speed ? ' Alaska appears destined to become of great importance to American commerce. It is only a straw which points the di- rection of the wind, but it may be worth mentioning that the shipment of American rubber footwear to that territory during the last fiscal year amounted in value to $166,644, or more than 23 per cent, on the $7,200,000 which the United States paid to Russia for Alaska. The rubber kings of the Amazon doubtless feel little re- spect for the trivial shipments of real Paia rubber from the other side of the globe. One steamer from the Amazon carries more rubber than has been shipped from all the plantations in the East within a year. But the output over there is growing in extent rapidly, while in Brazil it is at a standstill. And the difference between the production of the two centers will not long remain so marked as now. The unprecedented crops this year emphasize the great part which agriculture plays in the prosperity of the United States, and every increase in the power of our people to spend money helps trade in all the rest of the world. So far as the rubber industry is concerned, the home demand for its products is likely to prevent any great increase for awhile in the export of American rubber goods. In fact, while the rubber mills here are crowded with work, the imports of rubber goods into the United States are larger now than ever before. The wealth of rubber in the Acre district prob- ably has never been exaggerated, but the establishment of peace there — as between Brazil and Bolivia — has not been fol- lowed by the hoped for settlement of the territory and the opening of new rubber camps. Even Brazilians will be found to complain, as will be seen on another page of this paper, of the govermental policy which is blind to every consideration but the personal advantage of the office holders. What is need- ed for the development of the Acre and its rubber resources isa more liberal policy toward the foreigner with capital to invest there, as well as toward the native Brazilian, whether capitalist or laborer. THE UBERO PLANTING COMPANIES. THE receivers for the Ubero Plantation Co. of Boston ap- peared before the United States circuit court in Boston on September 2o,with a petition 10 be allowed to sell the assets in their charge and divide the proceeds among the investors. Counsel representing a reorganization committee desired to file a petition for the discharge of the receivers and for the property of the company to be turned over to a new corporation to be formed under the reorganization plans. [See The India Rubber World, September i, 1905— page 402J. It was stated that a substantial amount had been subscribed by the investors for the reorganization, but this plan was opposed by counsel who appeared for another group of investors. The court de- ferred action to give the receivers an opportunity to communi- cate with all the shareholders to ascertain their wishes in regard to a reorganization. October i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD THE "GUAYULE" RUBBER PLANT- 111. THE Mfxican Htrald s&'xA. in its issue of September 12, in regard to a company o( which the headquarters is in New York : " With nearly a million feet of lumber already or- dered, besides tons upon tons of rubber extracting machinery, the Continental Rubber Co., of which E. B. Aldrich is presi- dent, is preparing; to build at Torreon a rubber factory which shall be the largest ever constructed in Mexico Ciuajule will be the product from which the rubber will be taken and news received here is to the eflect that Mr. Aldrich, who is the son of Senator Aldrich of Rhode Island, is backed by his company with more than enough money to build the plant as well as a number of smaller frame houses which are destined for the ujc of the workmen at the factory. "One hundred acres is embraced in the site lor the plant, which will be located near the junctions of the Mexican Central, the International, and the Coahuila and Pacific railways. This land lies just north of the Torreon smelter and is admirably adapted to the purpose for which it was purchased. Captain F. H. Hunicke is credited with having been the father of the enterprise, inasmuch as he demonstrated that rubber is extraci- ible from the Guayule plant with the right kind of machinery. This is the class of machinery which will be used by the Con- tinental Rubber Co. and Captain Hunicke has been retained 10 install the machinery and get it into smooth running order. The supply of Guayule will bedtawn from the territory between Monterey and Torreon where the shrub abounds in large quan- tities." * « * The Continental Rubber Co. is incorporated under the laws of New Jersey with $1,000,000 capital, to exploit, in connection with Gjayule rubber, certain American and foreign patents granted to William A. Lawrence. The president is Edward B. Aldrich and the vice president Mr. Lawrence. They fill the same offices in Continental Mexican Rubber Co., a subsidiary company organized for carrying on the business in Mexico. The New York headquarters is at No. 32 Broadway. It is under- stood that ihisisoneof the two largest com panics now handling Guayule to an important extent commercially. A list of the United States patents granted to William A. Lawrence and as- signed to the Continental Rubber Co. follows : No. 741,256. October 13. igo3. Art of e.xtractirg gum. October 13, 1903. Apparatus for extracting gum. October 13, 1903. Art of extracting rubber without No. 741.257. No. 741,258. solvents. No. 741.259. mnlter. October 13, 1903. Composition of ^^ j\ imiiiiii nil ■1'* — ^ n im i ■ lllllll ■ i n i '"'rf^ T I pi JJ No. 741,260. October 13. 1903. Process of refining crude rubber. No. 787,518. April 18. 1905. Cleaning rubber. Patent No. "41.256 is for the continuous process in the treat- ment of the plant with the solvent for the lubber like gum contained in it. In the first place, the shrub is run through corrugated rollers to get it in shape for the solvent, which is naphtha. Other hydrocarbon solvents of rubber, together with ether, chloroform, etc., may be used, but the inventor gives personal preference to low grade naphtha of about 74 Baurre. The inventor evaporates and recovers the naphtha after the gum is in solution until evaporation becomes somewhat diffi- cult. At this point he introduces a hot alkaline solution at a temperature very near its boiling point. This is to dissolve the resin and to separate the gum from the residue of the solvent. The result is that the gum rises to the surface in a mass about the consistency of cream. The alkali is then washed out with cold water and the gum hardens into a doughy mass. The apparatus designed to carry out this process consists of a basket with steel ribs, lined with wire cloth, having a fine mesh. This basket, having been filled with crushed shrubs, is put into a jacketed extracting drum. The door is closed and the naphtha at once pumped in. It is left there for four hours, being heated to 1 10° to 114° F. The solution is then drawn tfl into the evaporator which takes out most of the naphtha. The hot residue still in solution is then passed into a tank contain- ing a hot alkaline solution. This is either an open or a closed steam jacketed tank and contains for example 12 per cent, so- lution of sodium hydrate. The liquid in the tank is kept at a boiling point with occasional stirring for about two hours ; the gum is then drawn or skimmed off and subjected to repeated washing of first hot and then cold water in another tank. Patent No. 741,257 calls for a drum which rotates continu- ously in one direction, with a rubbing action upon the material to be treated, which is fed between the drum and the closely encircling apron or belt. Patent No. 741,258 covers the art of extracting rubber with- out the use of solvents. In this the shrubs are first crushed very finely, the cellular tissue being softened by water, either hot or cold. The rubbing apparatus is then applied which thoroughly rubs the material treated forming the gum into masses, which may be washed in the usual way. The apparatus described consists of a boiling tank provided with steam heated coil. From this the mixture flows out and is received upon an endless belted strainer and conveyer through which the water >i flows readily. The separator is of the rubbing type described in the former pat- No. 741,256. No. 741,257. w. A. Lawrence's processes for guayule. No. 741,258. 4 THE INDIA RUBBER \VORLD [October i, 1905. ent. The final process is the dissolving of the resin from the extracted guiti by means of an alkaline solution or wood al- cohol. Patent No. 741,260 is for a process of refining such crude rub- ber. This apparatus consists of a macerator jacketed for steam or hot water connected with an evaporator and also a refriger- ator. This is fitted with corrugated sleeved rollers for stirring the gum under treatment, and is constructed for a charge of about 400 pounds of crude gum. Into this wood alcohol is poured. The agitator is then put in motion, steam admitted to the jacket, and the macerator brought to a temperature of 122" F. The vapor from this is conducted to the refrigerator for recovery. In 20 minutes the saturated alcohol is also drawn off from the evaporator into the refrigerator and recovered, the rubber almost pure being left m the macerator. The inventor in speaking of the extraction of resins from gum taken from the Guayule says that there is 63 per cent. of rubber in the'gum that he extracts, and 22 per cent, of resinous matter, and that this treatment with alcohol or a mixture of alcohol and naphtha is designed to extract this resin, the resultant mass being a pure rubber like gum. » * * COAHUILA Mining and Smelting Co., Limited, have engaged in the production of rubber from Guayule. They have a smelter, atV'iesca, state of Coahuila, Mexico, which has been shut down under contract with the American Smelting and Refining Co., and in this they have installed a plant with a capacity for pro- ducing daily one ton of (iuayule rubber, and there is sufficient power plant to increase this capacity to 4 tons of rubber per day, which production they hope to reach by next May. The company have obtained from the state of Coahuila a concession which exempts them from state taxes and carries other privi- leges. They have contracted for a supply of Guayule shrub lor four years and disposed of their product at the present ca- pacity for two years, through German and American houses. The rubber factory is only one department of the company's business, which is engaged in mining in Coahuila and three other Mexican states. The officers of the company are H. T. Ambrose (New York), president of the .\merican Book Co.. president; F. ]. Llewellyn of the American Bridge Co., vice president; Walter E. Parker, general manager; and Albert S. Valdespino, superintendent in charge of the rubber depart- ment. * * * International Guayule Rubber Co., September 7, 1905, un- der New York laws; capital $50,000. Incorporators: Thomas M. Righter, Mt. Carmel. Pennsylvania ; John A. Rielly. Shen- endoah. Pa., B. St. John Hoyt, No. 170 West seventy-fifth street, New York. It is understood that the company control some Mexican patents for the extraction of rubber from the Guayule plant. NEW TRADE PUBLICATIONS. THE Peerless Manufacturing Co. (New York) issue their Catalogue No. 70, devoted to Mechanical Rubber Goods. This catalogue is even more complete and more at- tractively got up than any of its predecessors, some of which have been commented upon very favorably in these pages. A Peerless catalogue may be depended upon to contain some- thing new in each edition, and the one before us does not prove an exception to the rule. [SH' X 8j^". 137 pages.] The Gutta-Percha and Rubber Manufacturing Co. OF Toronto, Limited, issue a catalogue of their " Maltese Cross " Interlocking Rubber Tiling, illustrating a wide va- riety of applications of this desirable floor covering, including views of a number of interior views of Queen's Hotel, Toronto, lately equipped with it. These are followed by a number of designs in color, indicating that a variety in color schemes is now available in rubber which no manufacturer would have thought possible at a period in the industry within the mem- ory of most important houses in the trade. [6" X 9''- 40 pages.] The Hartford Rubber Works Co. (Hartford, Connecti- cut) issue a new brochure on the distinctive features of the " Hartford Perfected " Dunlop automobile tire. It is ade- quately illustrated and prices are given. There is also matter of interest on the care of tires. [7H" X S'- 24 pages.] G. ct J. Tire Co. (Indianapolis, Indiana) issue, under the title " Reliable Tires," a number of letters of commendation, by widely known automobilists from many parts of the country. [7}4 ' X lo". 17 leaves.] The Pure Gum Specialty Co. (Barberton. Ohio), in their Catalogue C, illustrate and give prices of syringes, water bot- tles, finger cots, gloves, ice bags, air beds and cushions, nipples, bath brushes, face masks, and other like articles. It is an in- teresting and handsome catalogue. [9" X 6'. 32 pages.] Kohmescher & Co. (Cincinnati, Ohio) issue the ninth edi- tion of their catalogue of Fine Rubber Goods for the Drug- gists', Surgical, and Stationery Trade. As we have noted in connection with former editions of this very complete cata- logue, it is always up to date, enumerating a number of articles not listed in it hitherto. The catalogue is excellently illus- trated, rendering it a convenient guide to buyers who may be at a distance from any rubber store. [5 X?!*". 160 pages.] J. Lonstroff, proprietor of the Fabrique Genevoise de Caoutchouc (Geneva, Switzerland), issues a series of trade lists, headei with h\sPiix Cottrattt No. i, devoted to hygienic, sur- gical, and toilet articles, of about which 900 are noted, most of them being illustrated. The same factory produces me- chanical goods, footwear, sporting goods, toys, balloons, dress shields, tobacco pouches, and waterproof clothing, which are described in separate lists. [6ig' X 9/4". 86 pages.] ALSO RECEIVED. HodCmMAn Rubber Co., New York. = [Duplex Folding Bath Tubs.] , 4 pages. James Barker, Iron Foundry and Machine Works, Philadelphia= Barker Massage Machine. 20 pages. The Parker Pen Co , Janesville, Wisconsin — The George S. Parker Fountain Pen. 16 pages. Crandall Packing Co. , Palmyra, New York = Catalogue and Price List. Steam, Ammonia, and Hydraulic Packings [and Belting, Hcse. and other Rubber Goods]. 72 pages. The Trent Tile Co., Trenton, New Jersey=Rublain Flooring. 4 P'ges. INDIA-RUBBER GOODS IN COMMERCE. EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. OFFICIAL statement of values of exports of manufactures of India-rubber and Gutta-percha, for the month of July, 1905. and for the first seven months of five calendar years : Months. Belting, P.nckinE, and Hose. Boois and Shoes. All other Total. Rubl>er. July, 1905 January-June $102,839 534.263 $242,263 346,046 .$588,309 472,128 341.792 355.092 291.356 $ 235.607 1 580,709 1,435,469 2,315,778 Total Total, 1904. . Total, 1903 Total, 1902 .... Total. 1901 1637,102 504.666 474,684 386.105 351.649 $1,671,076 1 $2,896,487 1,382,582 2,359.376 1,459,954 2,276,430 I,il6,5s8 1,857.755 1.073,822 : 1,716.827 October i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD A GLIMPSE OF RUBBER PLANTING IN COSTA RICA. By the Editor of " The India Rubber World." OUR first sight of Costa Rica came at 5 o'clock one morn- ing, when we sighted the low lying city of Port Limon with its background of far away mountains. It was nearly 8 o'clock before we made fast to the pier, and even then it took us some time to have our luggage weighed and the customs paid. The time came finally, however, when we were free to walk down the long pier, through the gates, and explore the town. Not only is Costa Kica justly called the Banana republic, but Port Limon is a banana town and we fully appreciated it when we saw the train loads of green fruit run out upon the piers, the huge bunches dumped upon rubber conveying belts and carried smoothly into the holds of the waiting steamships. The town, moreover, had an alert air about it that was in no way sug- gestive of typical Spanish America. It had no very pretentious buildings, with the exception, perhaps, of the office building of the United Fruit Co.. but it boasted two hotels and the " Gem saloon," where all the men congregated, and beside that, almost everybody spoke English. At 10 o'clock in the morning the thermometer stood at 90°, the air reeking with moisture, the sky covered with evil look- ing clouds. Nevertheless, the streets were thronged with a most vivacious mixture of porters, fruit sellers, soldiers, Jamaica ne- groes, Chinese, and native Costa Ricans. At 10.30 we boarded the train that was to take us to the interior and rode for 20 miles through a flat, swampy country where even the native Costa Rican cannot live, but where the Jamaica negro flourishes and waxes fat. At intervals along the railway were little hud- dles of huts built on stilts to keep them out of the black mud, roofed with corrugated iron or palms, and full to overflowing with the ebony subjects of his Majesty King Edward VII. The heads of the families that called these shanties homes were very largely laborers on the banana plantations of the United Fruit Co., and when it is remembered that out of Port Limon will come this year some 7,000.000 bunches, it is easy to appreciate how large a force of men is needed to cultivate, cut, and ship this great crop. It is claimed that there are 11,000 Jamaica negioes on the plantations near Port Limon. For them the United Fruit Co. provides hospitals, keeping out 2 per cent, of their wages for medical attendance ; and yet, in spite of black fever, yellow fever mosquitoes, and snakes, there is not a great amount of sickness among these laborers. And if one can judge by the appearance of the people, their home life in their little tin roofed shacks, crowded with pickaninnies, mangy dogs, monkeys, and parrots, shows a greater measure of content than is to be found in the majority of settlements more favorably located, and populated by those who have a thousand fold more to make existence tolerable. As the train emerged from the palmetto swamps it ran through some magnificent banana plantations, the trees grow- ing rankly from rich alluvial soil, and the bunches of fruit being often five or six feet long and weighing over 100 pounds each. The railroad, by the way, over which we were traveling, was built through the enterprise of that well known American, Mr. Miner C. Keith, who was also the creator of the great United Fruit Co. After a time the road began to ascend and the scenery be- came more and more beautiful. Nearly the whole of the dis- tance up to the city of San Jose the way lay along the side of a range of mountains and ran parallel with a rapidly rushing river, whose white water could be seen oftentimes for miles. As we got up into the higher country, the home life of the Costa Rican began to be apparent. Everywhere through the broad valleys and up the mountain sides could be seen cleared farms, in many cases fine plantation houses and great cof!ee estates. The native Costa Rican is perhaps one of the most enterprising and independent of all the Latin Americans. Nearly every man owns a patch of land and cultivates it. The better class speak English and are very friendly to Americans, welcoming them to their country with a manly, prideful air that is extremely taking. In the meantime, the Ferrocarril Costa Rica was slowly but surely getting us up toward San Jose. The English locomotive was having a tough time of it with the steep grades, and it seemed every now and then as if the pull would be too much and the heavy train slip back down into the valley. The slow progress, however, gave us every opportunity to examine the track with its iron sleepers, to see where various great land- WHARF AT PORT LIMON, COSTA RICA. UNITED FRUIT CO.'S COMMISSARV, PORT LIMON- 6 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD LOCTOBER I, 1905. LOADING BANANAS ON A TRAIN. slides had time after time wiped out the railroad and even dammed the swift flowing river, and to enjoy the wonderful semi tropical luxuriance of the giant trees festooned with vines and studded with epiphytes, to look down into deep gorges, up the sides of steep mountains, and across broad and fertile valleys, so photographing the scenery in one's mind that the snail's pace of the train was not only not objected to, but was most welcome. At intervals all the way up were to be seen Castilloa trees, many of which had been tapped in the brutal native fashion which amounts almost to girdling. At about 1500 feet altitude the rubber trees began to appear less fre- quently, and when the aneroid read 2000 feet, they disappeared entirely. After reaching an elevation of some 5000 feet, we descended a thousand feet and finally reached the city of San Jose. The city is situated in the midst of a broad and fertile valley and is semi tropical rather than tropical, being surrounded by huge fields of sugar cane, corn, and growing most of the well known tropical fruits. San Joje itself is a surprise. With its well- kept streets, its trolley lines, electric lights, fine stores, and alert looking inhabitants, it is more like a modern American city than anything else. Although it contains but 24 000 in- habitants, it gives one the impression of a city of double that size, partly, perhaps, because the buildings are nearly all two stories only, as the frequent earthquakes do not invite the erection of skyscrapers. The single unpleasant feature of the TEN MILES OUT OF PORT LIMON. city is the open sewage, which is said to invite typhoid. Aside from that there is practically no disease, the climate is equable and the people, except on rare occasions when they take too much aguardiente, give the military police little trouble. Almost from the first of our landing in this country we heard of the magnificent National Theater that San Jos6 pos- sessed. The Latin American description of it made it more elegant and on a larger scale than anything in New York or London. For this reason, the first view of it was a bit of a dis- appointment. It certainly was beautiful architecturally and its decorations were most elaborate, but it is a question if it would hold more than a thousand with comfort. Most of the deco- rative work was done by artists who were brought from Italy, and some $600,000 gold was spent upon the building. In the foyer on the beautiful inlaid floor were some of the most gor- geous rubber mats that I have ever seen, in red, white, and blue, with green leaves, yellow trumpets, golden harps, etc., and they bore the imprint of the well known firm of Pirelli & Co., Milan. Italy. The city has large wholesale houses, chiefly in the hands of the Germans, and substantial banks, the country being on a gold basis, with the colon as a unit of value, worth 46 cents in American money. The population of the country is 340,000, none of whom are Indians. Spanish is the language in general use, but almost everybody understands English, and it is a delight to mingle with the people, for they have none of the CHIRRIPO, SHOWINa MINOR C. KEITH'S PLACE. RIVER SCENE NEAR PORT LIMON. October i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD MOUNTAIN ROAD NEAR SAN JOSE. (ailing rocks and for land- slides, and I fancy he is also particularly careful not to let the train get away from him, which, with the number of cars and the heavy freight car- ried, would seem to be a not unlikely happening. We there- fore enjoyed afresh the mag- nificent scenery, and, before we got down to the tropics, the lovely, springlike weather. Reaching the plantation we were warmly welcomed by the planter in charge, who got us hrirses and look us over the planting. It was the dry sea- son and there had been no rain at all for five days, but the ground was exceedingly soggy and wet, and while the bananas were apparently very thrifty, the rubber did not look as well as it should. The leaves, to be sure, were shed- ding, which made the trees look their worst, but the few trees that we tapped gave out an exceedingly thin milk, more like skimmed milk than cream containing for a guess, not over 20 per cent of rubber. It is possible, of course, that at the end of the dry season this might thicken up appreciably and be worth extracting, but unless that happened, they would hardly pay to tap. In this connection a chat that I had with Mr. John M. Keith, the former planting ex- pert of the United Fruit Co., is apropos. He said frankly that m that part of Costa Rica he did not think there was much land that was available for Castilloa growing ; that it was too wet ; that he had had discovered that wild Casii'lloas that grew in wet places gave so thin a latex that the rubber was not worth gathering. My friend the planter had, while I was in New York, told me of another type of planting that he had done by clearing wide pathways through the forest and planting Ciistilloas so thickly that they took en- tire possession of the ground. SCENE IN STREET IN SAN JOSE. With somc little trouble we and getting up at daybreak, boarded the train and retraced finally located two of these plantings, and they settled in my our steps, slid slowly downward for hours, until we reached mind forever the practicability of this sort of cultivation. The the lower levels. The journey downward was even slower than Castilloas had grown like weeds, but they looked more like the climb, as the engineer must be on the lookout constantly for fishpoles than rubber trees. By cutting out some of them and sullen air so prevalent in cer- tain parts of Spanish America. During our stay in the coun- try we put up at the Hotel Imperial, where we had com- fortable rooms and enjoyed an excellent table. As a matter of course, we asked many questions about rubber cul- ture, but from the natives or the resident Americans we developed little information One of the latter explained it by saying that in that country at the present time bananas were the whole game, because they gave quicker results and had behind them the support of the United Fruit Co., who were perfectly willing that the planters should make a good thing out of their fruit. One native explained the lack of interest in rubber planting by telling us solemnly that rubber seeds planted by man would not develop into productive trees. He said that nature's way of distributing the seeds was for the birds to eat them in order to get the sweet pulp with which they are surround- ed, and mingled with their droppings, the seed grew into a tree that was a rubber pro- ducer. If it did not go through this preparatory process, it amounted to nothing. Although we had not come to Costa Rica particularly to look up rubber, there was one plantation that I was anxious to examine, which was said to contain over 100,000 Castilloas, most of which had been inter- planted with bananas. These trees were said to be three or four years old, and planted by one who had had much expe- rience in tropical forestry throughout Central America. The Importer was so much pleased with the city of San Jose and so relieved to get out of the heat of the lowlands that he decided to stay there, while the Manufacturer and the writer took another plunge into the hot country. We, therefore, left him for a further exploration of the city TOPICAL COSTA RICAN LAND CLEARED FOR PASTURE, LEFT STANDING (ON THE LEFT). THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1905. -J«-Jt-»T 1 ^^s^^^ CENTHAL PARK, SAN JOSE. giving the sun a chance, no doubt something could be done, but unless some such measures were instituted, it would be years before the tree trunks would have bark surface enough to do anything at all. That the trouble with the first planting was not due to the presence of the bananas was proved by a look we had at a small plantation run by a Ger- man, where the ground was much better drained and where the trees looked stocky and thrifty. We were also told that on the Northern rail- way on some of the uplands, the planters were putting Cas- tilloa in land that had form- erly been used for bananas and were getting excellent re- sults. All of this leads up to what I think I have before written, that a deep, open soil, partic- ularly one that cakes at the surface a little and in which there is no chance for standing water, or nothing more than a very brief inundation, is what the distilioa calls for. The interest in the planting of India-rubber in Costa Rica NATIVE RUBBER 10 YEARS OLD SURROUNDED BV PLANTED RUBBER AND CHOCOLATE. RAILROAD ON THE WAY UP TO SAN JOSE. dates back some twelve or fifteen years. As early as 1892 it was reported that the wild trees near the cities and along the coast had been practically exhausted, and that what rubber was gathered came from the more remote mountain valleys. In that year the amount of rubber that came out of the country was a trifle over $6000 worth, less than half the amount shipped the preceding year. It was about this lime that the government began to take an interest in the cultivation of rubber and passed laws against tapping the wild trees, and also offered prizes — one for $Sooo and another for $5000 ^for the best plantations of Ctislilloa rubber. Both of these prizes were taken in 1894 by Minor C. Keith, who installed two plantations near Port Limon, the trees, some 25,000 in number being planted with bananas about 150 rubber to the acre. At the time the prizes were awarded the trees were said to be eight or nine years old. When the writer visited Costa Rica no record of them could be found, although had they been cared TYPICAL LOWLAND TOWN. RUBBER AND BANANAS- October i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 9 of the varieties of the Castilloa are of distinct value. He divides the Castilloa of Costa Rica into four species, the white, the black, the red, and the"tunu," the first three being all varieties of the Castilloa elastica. Botanists so far have not followed his discrimination carefully, and it is a question if rubber planters have made any distinction, nor has it been proved necessary. Of course, it would not pay planters to raise " tunu " gum instead of Panama rubber, but so far as we know no such planting has ever been done in Costa Rica or, indeed, anywhere where the Castilloa has been put in. RUBBER AND COCAO ALTERNATINQ, SHOWING METHOD OF CLEANING. for.oreven allowed to grow, they should have been somewhete about 20 years old and certainly big enough to tap. The gos- sips of the country appear to believe that so much quicker pro- fit came to the planter through bananas that the rubber plan- tations were sacrificed to that industry. From 1900 onward quite a number of companies were incor- porated for the planting of Castilloa. A planter named Ed. Coles furnished in 1902 a list of eleven planters who had put in rubber, all the way from 10 to 100 acres. Some of these planta- tions, if they had been continued, would have trees that should be at the present time producers of rubber. The questioning of either natives or foreigners on the ground elicited very little information ; about all they seemed to know or care about was bananas. From an American planter, however. we learned that Messrs. Hoffenstadt and Gillett, of Banco de la China, have a plantation where they lately tapped 600 Castilloas which were 6 or 7 seven years old, getting a pound of rubber from each tree. The correspondent also mentioned an American family named Hogan who were planting rubber at the mouth of the Tres Amigos river, which was the beginning of the Costa Rica Development Co., with headquarters at Los Angeles, Call fornia. The officers of this company made arrangements for us to visit their plantation but that meant a call at Greytown, Nicaragua, to reach the Tres Amigos river, and we found that to be impossible. This company have 25,000 trees, a little over three years old. and about 15.000 two years old, which from the photographs that we secured appear to be in a most excel- lent condition. In this connection it is interesting to note the activity of Mr. Th. F. Koschney, an old time settler on the San Carlos river, and one who has studied the Castilloa carefully. While not a botanist in the strictest sense of the term, his description DEVELOI^MtNT OF COLOMBIA. THE United States consular agent at Ouibbo, Colombia, re- ports that President Reyes of that republic is undertak- ing to promote the development of the immense region in southern Colombia bordered by the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, and which for the most part has been neglected in the past. Not even such exports of rubber as are made by the semi civilized Indians in that region contribute to the national revenues, as they have always gone through the hands of trad- ers of Venezuela or Brazil, being taxed as products of the lat- ter countries. The Pari rubber tree {Ilevea Brasiliensis) is as- serted to abound in the forest of part of this region, in addition to other rubber producing species. The government of Co- lombia has entered into a contract with Dr. Luis Cuervo Mar- quez, formerly attached to the Colombian legation in Wash- ington, and a partner, by which an exclusive concession of a very large area is granted for 25 years, in consideration of agri- cultural colonies being formed and small steamers placed on certain rivers, and an export tax of $1 (gold) per 100 pounds paid upon all exports of rubber. The contract provides that certain large areas will be given in perpetual ownership if planted or cultivated during the 25 years' limit above men- tioned. The contract is for all kinds of development in the re- gion covered. A correspondent of The India Rubber World mentions that the two concessionaires referred to above are among the most prominent citizens of Colombia. Dr. Cuervo Marquez was sometime governor of the department of Santander, has been charge d'affaires at Washington, is now a member of the nation- al assembly, and is in the drug business in a large way in Bogo- ta. His partner in the concession is Dr. Indalecio Camacho, educated in Europe and the United States, and famed in South America as an oculist and aurist. He is the owner of large planting estates and mining interests. The standing of these gentlemen leads to the belief that their concession will be de- veloped on an important scale. Our correspondent adds that President Reyes's term of office will not expire for several years, and that during his administration a condition of tran- quility and progress may be expected to be established which will continue under his successors. This opinion, by the way, is now held by many others. COLORADO RUBBER "HOODOOED." COCAO PODS AND SCRAP RUBBER FROM WILD TREES. EVERYTHING, material and mental, political and religious, new inventions are met bv the masses at their birth with a frown and a suspicion, and are fought from start to finish. Everything is compelled to grow and fructuate on its merits. So, with the Colorado rubber plant. It has been " hoodooed " by the claim of certain rubber companies to patents, that cover the product. This has hindered and obstructed its progress. It has been a scarecrow that has caused capitalists to wait and hesitate.— 5a//(/(j (Colorado') Mail, August iS. 10 THE INDIA RUBBER ^A^ORLD [October i, 1905 INTEREST IN "SAPIUM" RUBBER IN THE FAR EAST. THE able Colombo journal, Thf Times of Ctylon.on Au- gust 12. printed a cablegram from its London office, referring to a report in the current issue of The India Rubber World (which had just then reached the correspondent), in regard to a new source of Amazon rub- ber, identified by the authorities quoted as Sapiutn aucupariutn. The report mentioned the practice which has grown up in the Amazon region of mixing the latex of this tree with that of the Hevea species (the Pari rubber tree proper), giving rise to questions of what might result from a similar admixture of rubber latices in Ceylon, for example. In addition to printing the London cablegram. The Times of Ceylon obtained a state- ment in regard to Sapiiim species from Mr. Herbert Wright, of the Ceylon botanic gardens, which is printed, together with an editorial comment on the whole subject. Below are reproduced the cabled report and Mr. Herbert Wright's comments : \From The Times of Cevlon, August /2.] RUBBER FROM PARA. MIXED WITH ANOTHER LATEX YIELDING TREE-FORTY PER CENT. OF " SAPIUM."— A SUGGESTION FOR CEYLON. [C O P V R 1 c; H T— BY SIM( MARINE TELBGRAI'H.J Times of Ceylon Office, 27. Mincing Lane, London, August 12, 8 20 a. m. The American consul in Paid, in a report published in The India Rubber World, states that the great bulk of Para rub- ber is not pure, but mixed with the latex of Sapiuni aucufa- rtum, up to probably 40 per cent. Sapium aucuparium is a hardy and rapid growing tree. The seeds are small, and although it would hardly be believed, it yields from 7 to S pounds yearly, but requires careful tapping. The report expresses the opinion that it would be practicable to grow Sapium aucuparium in Ceylon if it was thought desir- able. II. [From The Times of Cevlon, August /6.j "SAPIUM aucuparium" AND PARA RUBBER. WILD AND cultivated "SAPIUM" SPECIES IN CEYLON. — " SAPIUM AUCUPARIUM " AT PERADENIYA. [written for "THE TIMES OF CEYLON."] Your letter re mixing Pard rubber latex with the milk from Sapium aucuparium to hand. I regret being unable to give you full information about the Sapium species and their possi- bilities in Ceylon, as I am replying to your queries while on in- spection duty. Grown Here and How ir May be Identified.— The real Sapium aucupariutn (Jacquin) is native to tropical America and has. under the name of Sapium biglatidulosum (Mueller Arg.),been grown at Peradeniya for many years. It grows to a fairly large tree — 40 feet high — and seeds freely. This spe- cies can be easily identified by the pair af opposite glands which occur at the base of the leaf blade. I enclose a speci- men leaf showing these glands. Tai'imng Experiment.s AT Peradeniya. — The stem, branches, and fruit contain, at Paradeniya, large quantities of white latex, but my tapping experiments in 1902 gave unsatis- factory results, the latex from this species drying to a brittle resinous substance. There will be no difficulty in supplying rubber planters with seeds or cuttings from the large trees at Paradeniya, but it will perhaps be better to wait and see what product we obtain by mixing the latex of this species with that of Pard rubber. This experiment is now in hand. It should be mentioned here that Sapium Laurocerasutn, ( Desfontaines) is sometimes called Sapium aucuparium (Willd- enow). This is not the leal Sapium aucuparium, however, though the stem contains milk from which a poisonous bird- lime is obtained. "Sapium " Species in Kalutara, Galle, etc.— Species of Sapium can be found growing wild in Ceylon and India and also in Africa, and far ofl China and Japan. One species in Ceylon, called by the Sinhalese " kiri-makula," and known bo- tanically as Sapium indicum (Willdenow), is noted for the poi- sonous milky juice which it yields on tapping. It is an ever- green tree, its growth is rather slow, and it rarely exceeds 25 feet in height. We have no record of the weight of latex ob- tainable from it, and I should imagine the latter to be poor. This species is common in the moist low country, has been re- corded from Kalutara and Galle, and may be recognized by its willow like leaves, greenish yellow flowers, and abundance of milk in young branches and fruits. Another species known to some botanists as Sapium ingigne (Royle), to the Tamils as" tilai,"and Sinhalese as " tel-kadura," is to be found in the Trincomalie and JafTna districts. This tree grows to a moderate size, has green flowers, and becomes leaf- less once a year. The stem contains a white milky substance, but not in large quantities. Many years ago, about 1820, if my memory serves me well, Sapium sebiferum (Roxburgh), commonly known as the "tallow tree "in China, was introduced to Peradeniya and Hakgala. The seeds are coated with " tallow " which is, according to Dr. Watt, used in place of animal tallow in China for the manufac- ture of candles, in soap making, etc. Mixing Not Recommended.— Though we do not know the possible yield or the quality of the latex from any of these species, I am inclined to doubt whether it would be any good attempting to mix the latex from species of Sapium with that from the introduced Para, Ceaid, or Castilloa rubbers, now flourishing in Ceylon. Where the Sapium and Hevea species are growing wild and intermixed with one another, as in the forests of Brazil, there is an excuse for the cooly mixing the latex, but such conditions do not obtain in Ceylon. In conclusion, it should be pointed out that the genus Sapium belongs to the same group of plants as Para and Ceara rubber and crotons. Herbert wright. Acting Director, Royal Botanic Gardens. III. [From The Times of Cevlon August /o.] ["SAPIUM " rubber grown IN GUIANA.] Sir: I should have stated in my previous letter that seeds of the rubber producing plant, Sapium higlandulosum or Sapi um aucuparium, the "Touckpong" of British Guinea, were re- ceived from Mr. Jenman in May, 1887. Mr. Jenman then stated that " the tree is quite hardy, of rapid growth, yields abundant milk, and the rubber is of high class quality." Samples of the rubber were shown at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition [London] in 18S6, and were favorably reported on. — I have, etc., HERBERT WRIGHT, Acting Director, R. B. G, August 17, 1905. October i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 11 THE INDIA-RUBBER TRADE IN GREAT BRITAIN. By Our Regular Correspondent. THERE are distinct signs of animation in this parlous branch. A manufacturer told me the other day that he had had more inquiries the previous week than during the whole of last year. Perhaps this may be somewhat of an exaggeration, but this does not falsify my opening sentence altogether. A good deal, it is said, will depend ^^^ upon the weather of the next few weeks. With WATERPROOF ^ TRADE. regard to the motor clothing business, the whole- sale firms say it is not large enough to attract them, and it is mostly in the hands of middlemen who buy the proofed cloth and make it up into the style of the moment. The macintosh coat is now being generally worn by owners of motor cars in preference to the leather one which is now the regular uniform of the professional driver. A material which is in con- siderable favor is that known as Burberry, being the product exclusively of a Hampshire firm of this name. Next to the mac- intosh coat it has the reputation of high waterproof properties, being in this respect considerably superior to the ordinary rain- proof cloths. If unfavorable weather really is the one thing want- ed to cause the waterproof trade to flourish, the wet August we have just experienced ought to have given the desired stimu- lus. To satisfy the inquisitiveness of a motorist friend, 1 have been investigating the substance sold under this name as part of the motorist's outfit. It is intended for filling up MASTIC cracks in tires, and is found of considerably more MICHELIN. .,,,,. . • . J Utility for this purpose than is the ordinary rub- ber cement. The main featureabout it is its extreme stickiness. I cannot account satisfactorily for this as there is but little res- inous matter present. It rather looks as if the rubber had been partially melted. It contains a little over S per cent, of litharge, but no sulphur. Except as a drying agent in reducing tackiness I don't quite see the object of the litharge. With regard tothe utility of this mastic, I don't find unanimous approval among motorists, but there seems no doubt that it is superior to ordi- nary solution in the case of vulcanized rubber, and if put into a crack soon enough, it must certainly be beneficial in prevent- ing the ingress of water and dirt. No general arrangement with regard to an advance in prices in consonance with the high price of rubber has been come to. and the makers of rubber faced cards speak in lugu- ^'^^ brioustones as tothe position. Messrs. Horsfall& CARD-CLOTHINQ ^. , , ., . , , ■,, -j , INDUSTRY. Bickam, of Manchester, though still outside the associated Yorkshire firms, are, it is understood, quite in agreement with them as to prices, but the antagonistic position taken up by the few other outside firms makes it im- possible for any formal advance to be notified, as in other branches of the rubber manufacture, where practical unanimity has prevailed. The rubber face is still considered the best arti- cle for the cotton mill, but in thecase of wool either the compo- sition card or the plain felt is in general use. The oil used in the ordinary process of wool spinning is of course destructive to the rubber card, though less in the case of the vulcanized than the unvulcanized. The use of oil refers more particularly to the Bradford district the principal seat of the woolen industry. In Messrs. Hallani & Sons' woolen mills in Manchester and Stockport the dry or French process is in sole use, no oil being here used in the spinning. The cards used are plain felt, though in this case if it were thought advantageous to have the greater elasticity given by rubber no objection could be urged on the score of oil as is the case at Bradford. It is now the rule to thoroughly free from oil Bradford goods which are intended for waterproofing purposes, and I have not heard for a long time of any trouble arising between the woolen manufacturers and the waterproofers on this score, though 20 years ago acri- monious correspondence was not infrequent. The weaving of woolen cloths is now at Bradford as well as elsewhere without the agency of oil, the warps being merely sized and this innova- tion on the practice of old times has relieved the waterproofer of his former anxiety. A point of some importance to the users of rubber faced cards is to prevent the steel points from be- coming rusty. Owing to the well known destructive action of oil upon rubber there has naturally been much hesitation in using anything of an oily nature. I am informed, however, that recent experiments have resulted in finding an oleaginous body which answers the purpose well and which has no de- structive effect upon the rubber. To nickel plate the steel, it appears, would be an expense which the business will not stand, though it suggests itself as eminently desirable. " The object of the present invention is to reclaim waste vul- canized India rubber, and render the same available for employ- ment in the capacity of rubber previously un- RECLAiMED used." Thus Messrs. Gregory and Thorn, in a p^TE^TS recent British patent. After reading the patent through I have come to the conclusion that though the object of the invention is nodoubtcorrectly describ- ed, the results are any thing but conclusive as to the object having ever been attained. Briefly described the process consists in grinding the rubber to crumb, boiling it in dilute hydrochloric acid to extract the mineral matters, drying the rubber, and then dissolving it in a mixture of aniline oil and naphtha. The solu- tion is passed through a strainer and is then, we are told, ready for any purpose for which it is intended. I am quite in the dark as to what these uses for such a solution are. Supposing as stated that the solvent will readily evaporate at the ordinary Km- perature, this can only refer to the naphtha and not the aniline, which is an oily liquid boiling at 363 F. Surely some process of separating the rubber from its solution is necessary, and when this is done I fully expect it will be found that the separated rubber is of much the same value as the original ground crumb, and that it has not been devulcanized to any appreciable extent. The authors say that they do not claim the use of aniline as a solvent as a novelty, but only in their mode of application. Of course it may be that some vital part of the process has been withheld from the public eye in order to baffle the schemes of infringers ; certainly as I have seen it in print I cannot see that the patent has any value. Of course aniline as a solvent for waste rubber is not novel. I understand that the chief reason for its abandoment was the expense. Complete solution of the vulcanized rubber in an oily liquid isthe principle of the patent taken out by Robinson Brothers & Clift. The liquid they use is what is known as heavy bases, a residue in the preparation of pyridine from coal tar. In this case, the mineral matters fall to the bottom of the solution vessel, and there seems no object in previously removing them by hydrochloric acid according to Gregory's patent. Moreover in Robinson's process it is not sug- gested that the oily solution of rubber should be utilized, but the rubber is completely separated from solution by chemical 12 THE INDIA RUBBER W^ORLD [October i, 1905. means on lines well known to those who manufacture coal tar products. For many years as will be remembered the bulk of the retail business was done by Messrs. Ayres. Then three years ago Messrs. Slazenger, their most formidable oppo- LAWN rients. got the bulk of the tournament and club TENNIS _, "^ . J u. . .u BALLS orders owing to some extent no doubt to the fact of their having a very prominent British player on their board. I understand that neither of these firms make the ball ; they buy the balls from the rubber manufact- urer and put the felt covering on. What difference there is between them seems to be largely a matter of the quality of the felt and of uniformity in size and weight. The ordinary player no doubt would not see any difference between one make and another, but the leading players are very discriminating and a good deal of discussion has been going on lately with regard to the relative merits of the balls supplied by the two firms. Of course I am referring only to the championship balls, sold at a shilling each ; the cheaper halls have not a very large sale and when bought they are often made to do duty for a long time. In the principal tournaments large numbers of balls are used ; for instance in the final at Wimbledon between the American and British pairs for the Davis challenge cup six new balls were used in eachof the five sets played and no doubt a corresponding- ly large number were used in the previous international contests which did not come under my personal observation. The prin- cipal makers of lawn tennis balls are Messrs. Charles Macin- tosh & Co., The Irwell and Eastern Rubber Co., and the New Eccles Rubber Works — the last firm, as will be remembered, using the Cox patent machine. Owing to the fact of the quality remaining the same while the price of rubber has advanced the manufacturers have naturally had to advance their prices to the middlemen ; as, however, the retail prices have not been raised it is a fair supposition that the profits of the latter have suffered a serious diminution. It may be therefore, though I speak with- out any actual knowledge, that a lower quality of felt covering has been used in order that the business may be maintained without loss. A difference between Ayres's and Slazenger's balls which I have not mentioned is the degree to which they are blown up ; this difference is quite perceptib'e in some seasons and players who have accustomed themselves to one make find a difficulty in showing to advantage with the other. Of course the middlemen are not limited to British balls; the Germans have long had a cut in though what the present position is with regard to their competition 1 am unable to say. A RECENT financial supplement of The 7VV«« contained a special article on Ceylon rubber, attention being drawn partic- ularly to the expected labor difficulty, and the CEYLON need of more railway communication to deal RUBBER . PLANTING. With It. No doubt this matter will become of in- creasing importance; it has already become acute in the Straits Settlements where a partial solution has been obtained by the importation of Javanese. At present most of the Ceylon labor is obtained from India, the Cingalese not hav- ing much reputation as workmen. In contradistinction to what obtains in Brazil, however, there is no climatic reason against the employment of Euiopean labor in Ceylon, and we may see labor largely augmented from this source in the future. Of course the labor question can never become of the same impor- tance with rubber as with tea and coffee, fn the latter cases the produce is spoilt unless gathered at the right time, while with rubber the matter resolves itself merely into delay, the product improving rather than deteriorating by remaining in the tree. So far the canker pest seems the worst enemy the Ceylon planters apprehend, though I understand that loss from this source can be largely minimized by energetic and prompt measures at its first appearance. A LAW will shortly come into operation in France forbidding the use of white lead as a paint on account of its poisonous properties, a piece of legislation much on a par WHITE LEAD ^j^j^ ^jjg prohibition of phosphorus matches in LEGISLATION. *^ K I Holland and Scandinavia. With regard to the white lead in France, this may have the result of raising the price of zinc oxide, which must now be more generally used. I only suggest this as a possible contingency which the French rubber manufacturers may have to face. Against this, however, there is the recent increased production of zinc in many coun- tries of the world, notably in Australia, where the old problem of treating complex zinc ores seems at last to have been satisfac- torily solved. If one can gage the future at all, the outlook is all in favor of cheaper zinc and consequently of cheaper oxide. Despite the numerous attempts which have been made to pro- duce the oxide direct from the ore, practically no success has been attained in Europe, the Vieille Montaigne product made by burning the metal still holding the field. In America, how- ever, the oxide is prepared direct from the refractory zinc ores of New Jersey, though this product hardly comes at all into competition in Europe with the Belgian oxide. In my August notes (page 373) I made a short reference to a new process for recovering rubber from insertion by mechanical means alone. Having had some enquiries on ^^'^ the matter, I will endeavor to explain the RUBBER SCRAP , . _, ., ^J MACHINE. process somewhat in detail. The rubber containing fiber and metal is first ground up to powder by rolls in the ordinary way. The powder is then allowed to fall on a grating through which a current of air is blown. The grating has a jolting action, the result being that the fiber is blown away while the rubber and metal fall through the grating into a centrifugal fan. The action of this is to force the material against a screen, but in its fall it meets with a cross blast from another fan so regulated that it blows the compara- tively light rubber down into a bag while the metal continues its course into a receptacle farther on. This description may not be very easy to follow, but at any rate it will give a general idea of the process. 1 can't say that I am much enamored of it, though I speak without any practical experience of it. It seems to me that existing methods are simpler and likely to prove less costly. Of course there may be special cases where its utility could not be called into question, and I may take an opportu- nity of again referring to the matter, should further details come to hand. The fact that the monopoly of the world's sulphur supply so long held by Sicily is now a thing of the past, owing to the suc- cessful exploitation of the Louisiana deposits, FUTURE PRICE "^ , , . . , OF SULPHUR IS a matter of general interest. Among those who have a special interest in forthcoming events are the rubber manufacturers, for it is evident that a war of prices must ensue between the Union Sulphur Co. — the new American concern — and the Anglo-Sicilian Sulphur Co., which rules the destinies of Sicily. The latter has not yet decided whether to enter on a new arrangement lor a term of years. Certainly in the past few years it has been a decided benefit to the volcanic island in regulating output and prices, and at the same time it has paid its shareholders substantial dividends. From a circular sent out from Stuttgart, where the European agency of the American Co. is located, it seems that a strong bid will be made for European business, and the outlook for the Sicilian miners is anything but promising, all the more if the American claim of higher purity for their product is found to be strictly the fact. October i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 13 BAD CONDITIONS IN THE ACRE RUBBER DISTRICT. By Senhor Franco Vieira.* IT is an urgent necessity for the government to provide legislation for the seringaa (rubber camps). At the present time the proprietors of the lands are left without any security. After the treaty of Petropolis, by which the government purchased from Bolivia nearly the whole of the department of Upper Acre, Colonel Cunha Mattos, at that time the prefect, promulgated a land law, providing for a term of two years, during which the owners of the seri/igats were to mark the boundaries of their lands, so as to obtain title thereto, the said owners paying to the Union, however, a sum which, unless we are mistaken, was fixed at i;-ioo of a real per square meter. The same regulations provided for a term of six months, during which those who had prospected and taken possession of lands could take out a provisional title, in order to secure the occupation of the explored lands. According to our information, about 30 provisional titles were issued, while there were recorded at the office of the sec- retary of the prefecture 10 to 12 final titles which had been issued by the government of the state of Amazonas, as well as those granted by the Bolivian government. It will be well to add that both governments received money for the sale of the lands in question, and there can be no doubt, therefore, that the owners of final titles issued by either of the said govern- ments have at this time the uncontestable right of ownership to the lands in question. It was thus understood by the colonel ex prefect, as is shown by the following instance : When the Messrs. Joaquin Alves Maia and Fiusas Porto h Cia., proprietors of the .5«7«^(7« of " Soledade," the first named of those on the left and the last named on the right bank of the Acre river, applied for the titles of ownership to the said seringaes, on the ground that they had previously paid the purchase price to the government of Ama- zonas, there being scarcely due more than the last instalment, their application was granted, the balance of the purchase price being collected by the revenue office at Porto Acre, and the re- spective titles of ownership issued. The above were the only titles granted, because, in spite of the fact that many other lands were in the same condition, no more titles were issued on account of the receipt by the pre- fect of a copy of a telegram from the secretary of the interior, addressed to the special delegate at Manaos, in which the sec- retary declared that the prefects did not possess the right to give a decision in regard to the sale of lands, the government of the Union alone being competent to do so. This resolution, which seriously affected the interests of the proprietors of seringaes, was unfavorably received by the in- habitants of Acre, who, since the revolution, had been anxious to have their rights confirmed, the more so as many of them had been occupying the lands for more than loor 20 years past, and had wasted their youth in such an unhealthy place, suffer- ing the severest privations, only to see themselves at the pres- ent time deprived of all security of possession. We feel sure, however, that the government, being now bet- ter informed, will take action for the care of the interests of the population of Acre, whose resources are at the present time exhausted, the greater part of the land owners finding them- selves in this condition because they gave all they could for * In the Jornai do Brasil (Rio de Janeiro) the support of the revolution against Bolivia, as they were anxious to have the department of Upper Acre become the property of the Brazilian government. Only those who traveled through this region and were able to observe the patriotism by which the population is inspired, have seen how, after the end of the revolution, many citizens who were formerly wealthy, turned to the cutting of rubber trees, as they had become absolutely poor, and were, moreover, dispersed among the towns of Pata and Amazonas. Not one of these had received an indemnity. What these people demand to-day is the securing of their rights, the respecting of their interests, and such legislation as will secure to them the fruits of their honest labor. The territory is immensely rich, and if the government will facilitate immigration and provide labor laws in accordance with the requirements of the region, we shall within a short time see Acre become a state well worthy of standing by the side of Pard and Amazonas. The rubber crop alone would suffice to bring about such prosperity, because, besides the present large export, it will be well to keep in mind that the greater part of the department of Upper Acre remains to be explored, the rubber lands there being still virgin territory. If the department of Upper Acre exported last year more than 2,000,000 kilograms of India-rubber, besides the Caucho ■A.nAse}>tamliy, without having the labor which it requires, we can imagine what the result would be if the current of immigra- tion were directed towards it. The production would, without exaggeration, be three or four times larger, and thus secure to the government a fabulous revenue, well capable of wiping out within a short space of time the deficit resulting from the purchase of the territory. In order to bring this about, it will be sufficient for the gov- ernment to extend aid to those desiring to go to Acre, which would not be very expensive, a third class passage from any of the northern states to Upper Acre, Puriis, or Jurud, not costing more than 300 milreis.* Now, as each immigrant would produce at least 600 kilos [=i322;V pounds] of India-rubber, at the rate of 7 milreis, or a total of 4200 milreis, on which a duty of 18 per cent., or 756 milreis would be levied, this amount would within the first year pay for the passage and leave a not inconsiderable balance. In making up the above figures, we have taken into account those who may die in the territory in question, as many of the survivors will produce twice the above mentioned quantity and even much more. The government has, moreover, facilities at its command for making shipping contracts, thereby largely reducing the price of the passage as quoted above. In the meantime, the proprietors of sertngaes who come down each year in search of help, can make contracts with a few per- sons only, because the cost of loans of capital is enormous, and whenever payment is not promptly made, the rate of interest at harvest time rises above 20 per cent. Consequently, the proprietor of a seringal who would require 500 to 600 men, works with 100 men only, or at least with only a few more, for, if he has a surplus of 20 or 30 men, an equal number of those he has assisted will go away to see or visit their families. It was impossible to take a census of the department in ques- * With exchange at 17 pence, equal to $103.41, gold. 14 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [OcroBER I, 1905. tion, notwithstanding the good intention of the ex-prefect, but the population is figured at 10,000 to 20,000 souls, the majority being entirely illiterate. For this reason the prefects are meet- ing with enormous difficulties in obtaining persons fit to fill Federal offices, as we have stated before. We shall not, however, deviate from our purpose of petition- ing the government to direct the flow of emigration towards this department, and when this shall have been accomplished, we believe we shall have rendered one of the best services to the inhabitants of Acre, as well as to the whole of Brazil, which will, within a few years, have in Acre an enormous source of revenue. RUBBER MONOPOLY IN NICARAGUA. THERE was due to go into effect on September i a con- cession granted by the president of the republic of Nicaragua to two citizens of that country, for a monopoly t' rubber gathering from wild trees \n certain districts which now yield the greater part of the rubber exported from that country. It is known that the granting of the concession was strongly opposed by at least two important commercial houses having connections in Rluefields. A report reaches The India Rub- ber World that the districts covered by this concession yielded during the last fiscal year about 350.000 pounds of rubber; the total exports of rubber from Nicaragua in 1903 amounted to 530.090 pounds. The amount payable to the government by the concessionaire is equivalent to about $160 gold. The Blue- fields ^'«f''V"« says : " It is a measure which vitally interests every merchant on the coast and rivers. We mean those who have, as has always been the custom, advanced merchandise and cash to the rubber cutters in the hope of being paid back in rubber." It is stated that another rubber concession has been granted to the minister of fomento for the territory of Cabo Gracias, but has been suspended indefinitely. A translation of the concession first mentioned follows : CONTRACT. Josfe D. Gomez, Secretary of Commerce, Industry, Agriculture, Public Works, etc., in his capacity as representative of the Govern ment, being the party of the first part, and Francisco Guerrero and Ji'AN DE DiAS Moreira, being the party of the second part, have agreed to enter into the following contract : I. The Government leases to Messrs. Guerrero and Moreira, fir a term of 10 years, the exploitation of the rubber producing lands situated within the jurisdiction of the department of Zelaya and the districts of Prinzapolka and Rio Grande. I!. For the purpose of preventing the destruction of the rubber trees, and of making sure that they will be cared for, Messrs Guer- rero and Moreira obligate themselves to employ expert rubber gatherers who will observe and strictly comply with the provisions of Article II of the Regulations of October 15, lyoi, reading ; •' It is prohibited to make iniisions in rubber trees, of such a depth as to affect the wood itself. It is likewise prohibited to make incisions extending to more than one half of the circumference of the trunk or branches. Any infringement of the provisions of this article will be punishable by a fine of 5 dollars (pesos) for each damaged tree." III. Messrs. Guerrero and Moreira shall, during a term of to years, pay to the Government an annual rental, amounting to the sum of I(XX) dollars (pesos) in treasury notes, the said rental to be paid into the general treasury at the end of each quarter, without prejudice to the payment of th^ export duties. IV. No one shall be permitted to extract rubber on national lands within the territory covered by this contract, and without a written permit from the lessees, all infringements of this provision being punishable by the forfeiture of the rubber for the benefit of the lessees, one third part of the same being allowed to the in- former or the party apprehending the guilty person, without preju- dice to the penalties provided in the Regulations of October 15, 1 90 1. V. Whenever the lessees are not the exporters, the chief of the UlulT custom house shall not permit the shipping of rub- ber, and shall confiscate the quantity submitted for export, un- less the party interested shall attach to the respective application a vjucher stating the place of origin of the rubber and specifying the names of the particular ranch or rubber producing lands and of the proprietor thereof, certified to by the highest authority of the township to which the ranch or rubber producing lands belong. Should he not be the owner of rubber producing lands, he will be obliged to produce the authorization referred to in Article 27 of the Regulations of October 15, igoi. The lack of the aforesaid docu- ments, shall, whenever it occurs, make the official who shall per- mit the shipping, subject to a fine amounting to 50 per cent, of the value of the exported rubber. VI. This present contract may be transferred in whole or in part to any person or company complying with the provisions con- tained therein. If the said person or company should, however, be of foreign nationality, they will be subject to the laws of this country in all matters involving this present contract which shall be in force from the first day of September next. VII. Default in the payment of the annual rental referred to in Article III, as well as any infraction of Article II, shall constitute sufficient reason for the annulment of this contract, which is to be submitted for the approval of the Executive. In witness whereof we affix our signatures to this present con- tract, at the Department of Commerce, Industry, Agriculture, etc , at Managua, on the second day of August, 1905. josfe D. G6.MEZ. FRANCISCO GUERRERO. J. DE D. MOREIRA. The President of the Republic decrees : To approve the foregoing contract. Managua, August 2, 1905. Sit^ncd for the President, The Secretary of Commerce, Industry, Agriculture, etc. G(')MEZ. « * « The last published report by the British consul on the trade and commerce in Nicaragua says : " All the India-rubber ex- ported is gathered in the mountains from forest trees, and the rubber cutters being under no restraint bleed the trees to ex- cess, cutting even very young trees that can give but little milk. In consequence many trees die, and the amount collected tends to diminish every year; nevertheless, India-rubber still appears as the fourth in value of the exports from Nicaragua, and in the year 1903 530,090 pounds valued at ^'i^AoS were shipped, all of which, with the exception of 277 pounds sent to the United Kingdom, went to the United States of America. The price of Nicaragua India-rubber in the United Kingdom is about the same as in the United States of America, and the reason why practically the whole of this produce is shipped to the United States is partly on account of the cheaper freight, but more especially owing to the continuous loss of weight from evaporation that the rubber undergoes. In New York, the principal market, the India-rubber is nearly always sold, immediately on arrival, ' ex wharf,' whilst in London the rubber is generally ware- housed and not sold until the periodical auction sales take place in Mincing lane. The increased loss of weight caused by the delay, in addition to the heavy wharfage, warehousing, and sale expenses ,and the increased freight and delay in returns, makes it more profitable to consign the India-rubber to New York firms rather than to ship it to London." October i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER \VORL,D 15 PROGRESS IN RUBBER PLANTING. MALACCA RUBBER PLANTATIONS, LIMITED. THE formation of the company which is to acquire the important Bukit Asahan rubber estate, in the Malay peninsula, mentioned in this Journal last month (page 413 ), and in which American capital is to be interested^ has been undertaken, according to The Times of Ceylon, by Messrs. Jeremiah Lyon & Co., of 4, Lombard court, E. C, London. It appears that the Messrs. Lyon have been con- nected in the past with important flotations. News has reached Colombo by wire of a delay in the flotation of the Malacca Rubber Plantations, Limited, due entirely to some question of title remaining to be settled. It was asserted that everything was in order, and that only formalities had to be observed. Low Gek Seng, late manager of an important mercantile firm at Bangkok, chief member of the Chinese syndicate which co- operated with the representative of Alden, Symington iSt Co. in securing an option on the rubber estate, and who accompa- nied him to London, has supplied some details regarding the estate and the proposed plan of capitalization, which appear in The Straits Times. It appears that there are 3500 acres fully planted (including sooacres to be planted with rubber this year) there being all told about 648,000 rubber trees, the ages of which are indicated by the following record of planting: Ykar. Para (//^7'(*rt). FiS^: .:^i Willard M. Ellwood, Elkhart, Ind., treasurer. The investors in the old company are informed that the new company will have direct charge of operations in Mexico, instead of the plantation being managed through contract with a develop- ment company as heretofore by La Trinidad Mexican Pfanta- tion Association. Mr. Pearson, of The India Rudher World, spent some time on the company's hacienda " Ixtal " in the early part of 1933. and photographic views of the plantation appeared in the August issue of this Journal in that year. Treasurer Ellwood now writes : "We have the oldest rubber so far as we know on the gu'.f coast in the Isthmus territory but do not expect to commence tapping commercially for two or three years." ORIZABA RUBBER PLANTATION CO. [ Plantation " El Cliival," Salto de Agua, state of Chiapas. Mexico. Office : No 21 Quincy street, Chicago, Illinois. See The India Rubrbr World, March 1, 1904— page 1S5.] The last report by an inspector chosen by the shareholders, dated September i, 1905, is signed by W. S. Sweeny, prin- cipal of a public school in Jer- sey City. He arrived at the company's plantation on July 25, and his report gives de- tailed statements in regard 10 the various features of the plantation, which is princi- pally devoted to rubber. He concludes his report on the condition of the plantation: " Nothing short of a convul- sion of nature or the worst of bad management can make it a failure." Mr. Sweeny's re- port includes notes on a num- ber of other company and pri- vate plantations of rubber which he saw while in Mexico, the condition of which on the whole further encourages him in the hope that rubber plant- ing there promises ultimately to be exceedingly successful. For instance, he mentions " La Ventura" plantation [in charge of Mr. James C. Har- vey], who, after tapping ex- perimentally some six year old rubber trees to determine the quality of the rubber, submit- RUBBER TAPPING IN NICARAGUA. The tapping of six year old Castilloas at the " Canada" plantation, Bluefields, Nicaragua, shown in the illustration, is along lines worked out by Mr. Gordon Waldfon, resident manager and largest owner. The tool used is made from a machttt, and is of the chisel type. Under the cut is placed a tin cup, twelve cups to the tree. When the flow ceases the latex in the cups is poured into a pail of water, and the cup rinsed out. Coagulation is effected by boiling. RUBBER AT THE PENANG (MALAY STATES) SHOW. The second yearly Agri- Horticultural Show of the Federated Malay States was opened at Penang on August 9, by the gov- ernor, Sir John Anderson, k. c. m. g., with a very encouraging attendance. The local newspapers devote special attention to the very large and varied exhibit of rubbers produced from plan- tations. The Malay A/ai7 says : " The interval of a year since the Show was held here has made an enormous difference in the state of rubber preparation. A year ago our planters were working more or less in the dark, and it was only then at the Show itself that the washing machine which appears to have such a great future before it was brought before the public gaze. [See The India Ruhher World, October i, 1904— page 12.] Here the exhibit of rubber was but small, but according to information to hand ample amends appear to have been made in this respect at the Show now pursuing its successful course in the northern colony." The governor in his address spoke of the great advance made by the rubber planters in the pre- paration of their rubber since last year. He said that the success with rubber had had the interesting effect of at- tracting the company promo- ter, a very astute gentleman whom he warned the planters to be very careful in dealing with ; however other people come out, a company promo- ter will always come out well. He reminded the planters that what is good to sell is gener- ally good to keep, and that they should not be in too great haste to dispose of their plan- tations. He would rather see a planter looking after his own estate than a manager looking after the land on behalf of an absentee company. Mr. W. R. Span showed a machine for preparing rubber, which is de- scribed as not unlike a clothes wringer except that it has three rollers working at vary- ing speeds. The rubber is drawn through the rollers, which extract the water, and comes out in thin dry sheets. ted samples of the product to rubber merchants who offered him $1.05 gold for such rubber in large quantities. Mention is made of Sefior Pedero, who claimed to have 2000 cultivated rubber trees 14 years old, which he had tapped for several years, selling the product, and that there were several other plantations in his neighborhood of from 10,000 to 50,000 trees from which rubber had been shipped for years. The report adds: "Juan Roviera has a plantation 30 miles north of Hui- manguillo, which contains 2000 cultivated trees 12 years old. When the trees were nine years old he took one pound of rub ber from each tree and sold it for $2200 gold." Dr. George B. Abbott, who has been mentioned before in these pages as the plantation manager, is about to retire after several years' resi- dence in the tropics and be succeeded by Mr. P. L. Barrerquy, who is mentioned as having had 15 years' experience in trop- ical agriculture. The machine was awarded a diploma and the handsome cup presented by members of the Engineers' Institute. NEW CEYLON PLANTING COMPANIES. Ratnapura Rubber Co., Limited, with a nominal capital of 250,000 rupees [= $81,100] has purchased Kosgalla and Gabella estates, at Ratnapura in Kuruwita district. There are 563 acres, of which i3S,on Kosgalla. are in tea, which is tobe interplanted with rubber, and the rest is forest land which will be developed in rubber later. The first directors are R. F. S. Hardie, R. W. Harrison, M. F. Khan, and E. M. Shattock. = Kapar Para Rubber Estates Co. .Limited, registered in Lon- don August 28, 1905, with/ 50,000 capital, to adopt an agree- ment with J. B. Fletcher.W. W. Bailey, and W. Newett, provid- ing for the acquisition of certain property in the Federated Malay States, and to carry on the business of rubber planters. Registered office: 81, Gracechurch street, E. C, London. October i, 19:5] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 17 RECENT RUBBER PATENTS. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Issued July 18, 1905. NO. 794,725. Vehicle wheel [with sectional elastic tirej. K. Mari, liuenos Ayres, Argentina. 794.766. Hose coupling. .Samuel G. Wright and J. T. Vines, Hunt- ington. W. Va. 794,782. Stopper holder for water bags. A. C. Coe, Orange, Conn., assignor to The I'alcon Rubber Co., New Haven. 794.814. Reservoir pen. W. W. Sanford, Newark, N. J., assignor of one half to F. 1). Hennett, Ireehold, N. J. 794.815. Vehicle tire and rim. V. A. Seiberling. Akron, Ohio. 794.816. Vehicle tire. Sami. 794,832. Footwear. [Shoe having an elastic sole.] C, T. Adams, New York city. 794,836. I'ountain pen. T. P. Ambrose, Cincinnati. 794,879. Rim for wheels [to retain a pneumatic tire]. J. .M. Padgett, Topeka, Kans. 794,892. Packing. A. H. Schier, Milwaukee, Wis. 794,920. Gasket. D. C. Bianchard, Chicago. 794,987. Packing. G. M. Kneuper, New York city, 795,069. Hose coupling. R. F. Settlage, St. Louis. 795.075. Leather and rubber sheet or strip. J. J. Steinharter, Phila- delphia. 795.076. Apparatus for coating leather with rubber. Same. 795,108. Pneumatic pillow. L. F. Doellinger, assignor of one half to L. M. HoUiday, both of Des Moines, Iowa. 795,171. Tire for vehicle wheels. F. Sadler, Wandsworth common, England. 795,176. Fire apparatus. S. A. A. Stenbcrg, asssgnor of i^„"o to W. E. Cumback, both of San Francisco. 795,210. Hose clamp. II N. Evans, assic;nor of one-half to F. DeW. Morris, both of Philadelphia. TraJe Marks, 2404. Fabric hose. Eureka Fire Hose Co , Jersey City, N. J. Essen- ttal feature. — The representation of a Greek cross printed in red interposed between the two words RED and CROSS. 2405. Fabric hose. Same. Essential fealzire. — The representation of a red ball interposed between the two words RED and BALL 4124. Insulating compounds. Standard Underground Cable Co., Pittsburgh. Essential /eatute. ^The word STANDARD. 5220. Fabric belting. Eureka Fire Hose Co.. fersey City, N. J. Es- sential /eature.— The words EUREKA BELTING encircled by the representation of a belt. Issued July 25, 1905. 795,280. Rubber heel pad and means for attaching same to boots or shoes. W. C. Hawtin, Leytonstone, England. 795. 307- Rubber tire fastener for wheels. G. T. Reed, assignor of one third to A. H. Beimschia, both of Baltimore. 795i323. Apparatus for electrothermal treatment. D. M. Watson, Portland, Ore. 795,412. Pneumatic grain elevator. S. Olson, Chicago. 795.53*>. Bathing apparatus. S. C. Neal, New York city. 795.569. Fountain pen. T. P. Ambrose, Cincinnati. 795,603. Tongue shield. H. Gardner, assignor of one-half to H. T. Oflterdinger, both of Washington, D. C. [Described in The India RuHiiEK World, August i, 1905 — page 376.] 795.652. Vehicle tire. F. A. Ruff. Detroit, Mich. 795.732. Tire [comprising a plurality of arc shaped plates]. C. D. Purdy, Gladwin, Mich. 795.767. Vehicle wheel [with a protective armor of chains]. J. II. Hershberger, Wilkesbarre, Pa. 795.796. Hose coupling. C. Gottwald, assignor of one-half to J. A. Diehl, both of Cleveland, Ohio. Tratle Mark. 3,69). Insulating materials and covering embodying rubber and used forelectiic wires and cables. The Eureka Rubber Mfg. Co. of Trenton. N. J. Essential feature. — The representation of a star, having the letters of the word EUREKA appearing on its points, and inclosing concentric circles, one of which is formed of dots. With- in the outer circle appear the words and a character EUREKA RUBBER INSULATED WIRES & CABLES, and one of the inner circles is shaded by means of parallel lines, all inclosed in an outer circular figure. Issued August i, 1905. 795,906. Vehicle wheel tire. H. Garner, Nantwich, England. 795,960. Toy snap-back ball. J. li. Cook, Toronto, assignor of one- half to T. Cook, Hamilton. Ontario. 795.977. Hose coupling. J. Hogan, Escanaba, Mich. 796,673. Vehicle tire. [Solid.] F. M. Hilton, J. S. Hilton, and W. W. Hilton. Akron, Ohio. 796,114. Electrotherapcutic apparatus, H. E. Currey, Baker City, Oregon. 796,132. Hand stamp. W. Laycock. Chicago. 796,167. Emergency tire. H. C. Waite, assignor of one eighth to G. II. Atkins and one fourth to R. F. Mayhew, all of Milwaukee, Wis, 796.306. Hose coupling. I. W. Exley, Colville, Wash. 796,400. Tire. [Composed of yielding material having a metallic fac- ing]. F. H. Bowly, New York city. Trade Marks. 177. India-rubber tires, solid and pneumatic and India-rubber cover bandages, repair sheets, plasters, and patches for such tires. Con- tinental Caoutchouc Co., New York city. Essential feature. — The representation of a prancing horse at the center of concentric cir- cles, between which appear the letters, character, and abbreviation C. C. & G. P. CO. H. 2.411. Fabric hose. Eureka Fire Hose Co . Jersey City, N. J. Essen- tial feature.— 'X'nt woids 20TH CENTURY. 4.497. Rubber vehicle tires. The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. Essential feature.—'W^t words THE BROADWAY. 4.498. Rubber vehicle tires. Same. Essential feature. — The word SPEEDWAY. 4.499. Rubber vehicle tires. Same. Essential feature. — The word RELIANCE 4.500. Rubber vehicle tires. Same. Essential feature. — The word WING. Issued August 8, 1905. 796,599. Hose binder. J. J. Mclntyre and II. Bagshaw, Hartford, Conn. 796,625. Resilient wheel. R. Bernat, Bordeaux, France. 796,664. Tire. [Pneumatic] A. DeLaski, Weehawken, N. J. 796.873. Vehicle wheel [with pneumatic tire]. F. A. Seiberling, Akron, Ohio. 796,894. Tire and rim. [Pneumatic] J. Butler, Altrincham, Eng- land. 796,930. Rubber tread. P. W. Pratt, Boston. 796,955. Hose bolder. A. G. Burton, Denver, Colo. Trade Mark. 855. Fountain pens. Boston Fountain Pen Co.. Boston. Essential feature. — A representation in perspective of the old Massachusetts state house, with the representation of a fountain pen of enormous size passing through and projecting on both sides of the state house. Issued August 15, 1905. 796,994. Horseshoe [with rubber pads]. J. H, Gay, Milwaukee, Wis. 797,035. Method of attaching a rubber body to another body [as in making horseshoe pads]. R. Whitaker, Jr.. assignor to the Never- slip Manufacturing Co., both of New Brunswick, N. J. 797,136. Life preserver. H. T. Manlove, Evanston, 111. 797,138. Fabric for pneumatic tires. C. L. Marshall, Newark, N. J. 797,194. Elastic fabric. J. L. Gilson. assignor to Howard Manufac- turing Co.. both of Boston. 797,200, Pneumatic tire. J. O. Haas, Pottsville, Pa. 797.365. Douche. [A compressible bulb of special form, for syrin- ges and the like.] C. W. Meinecke. Jersey City. N. J. 797.367. Connection for inflating rotating tires. [Attached to the wheel and worked by it while in motion.] A. L. Olson. Essex. Conn. 797.384. Hydrant and hose coupling. W. S. Thurston, Jacksonville, Fla. 794.434- Launderable bib. A. Homeyer, Jersey City, N. J. 797,447. Bicycle pump. F. B. Merry, assignor of one half to B. Mer- ry, both of Augusta, Ga. Tretde Mark. 6,346. Waterproof leather belting. Ilolyoke Belting Co., Holyoke, Mass. Essential feature. — "nie. word SUBMARINE. [NoTB.— Printed copies of specilicalions of United States patents may be ob- tained from The India Rubbbr Would office at 10 cents each, postpaid.] 18 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1905. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Patent Specifications Published. The number given is tliat assigned to the Patent at the filinK of the Applica- tion, which in tlie case of those listed below was in 1904. • Denoits Patents for A merican Inventions. [Abstractkd in thk Official Journal, July 26, 1905.] 7795 (iQoj). Treatment of waste ebonite 01 vulcanized rubber for use in insulating compounds. V. de Karavodine, I'atis, France. 7810 (1904). Tire formed of hollow or solid rubber blocks, made with bases which engage under metal frames. V. J. Chary, Paris, France. 7848 (1904), Anti slipping tire tread. M. M. and A. K. Dessau, Mer- ton, Surrey. 7808 (1904). Exercising apparatus. [Dumbbell in two parts pivoted together so as to rock, and provided with rubber cushions to prevent noise.] H. Fairbrother, London. 7945 (1904). Removable boot heel. R. Jelen, Bohemia, Austria. 8006(1904). Interlocking floor tiling. [Tiles are made with U, V, or other shaped interlocking projec- tions and recesses, occupying preferably a third of their thick- ness. Tiie tiles may be arranged in patterns and may be molded with different designs on the face or have colored or shaped centei s. ] A. Whiteway and Charles Mac- intosh & Co.. Ltd., Manchester. 8072(1904). Golf ball [with padding between the central core and the outer cover made of perforated rubber sheeting vulcanized before being wound onj. P. Cruickshank, Edinburgh. [AnSTRACTED IN THK OFFICIAL JiiURNAL, AuGUST 2, igOS.J 8337 (1904). Revolving heel protector. Bedford. 8006 (1904). F. W. Farr and J. Power, 8364 (1904). Firemen's helmet with air cushion and means for supply- ing fresh air. J. H. and A. B. Drager, Lubeck, Germany. 8442 (1904). Pneumatic tire with special tread. J. C. Graham, Lon- don. 8586(1904). Portable vulcanizer especially for repairing tires. W. Hill, G. Leeson, and County Chemical Co., all of Birmingham. * 8606 (1904). Horseshoe pad. J. E. HolTmann, New York. 8697(1904). Golf ball. J. Crosland and British Insulated and Helsby Cables, Ltd., Warrington. f Abstracted in the Official Journal, August id. 1905 ] 8740 (1904). Adjustable boot heel. E. A. Lancaster and S. Hackett, Stapleford. 8828 (1904) Pneumatic tire with special tread. W. Drury, Swansea, and F. H. Medhurst, London. 8893 (1904). Means of attaching solid rubber tires. I. Guist, Puy- richard, France. 8900(1904). Pneumatic motor tire with thickened and wire protected tread. A. von Lllde, Frankfort o/M., Germany. *8g28(l904). Pneumatic tire protected by removable puncture proof mesh of wire. J. L. Brown and B. King, Rahway, New Jersey. 9047 (1904). Solid rubber tire with means for the prevention of slipping. T. Gare, New Brighton. g079 (1904). Artifici.Tl foot with cushions and other parts of rubber. 9188 (1904). Solid rubber tire for motors [with metal chain fitted in a trough formed in the tread to form a non skidding wearing surface]. IAbstracthd IN THE Official Journal, Aulust 16.1905.] 9233 (1904). Pneumatic tire for motors [having a cover formed with two treads, side by side, to prevent skidding]. F. Reddaway, Man- chester. 9301 (1904). Spray producers [for vines or trees]. A. F. Billa, Si. Julien de Medoc, France. 9321(1904). Valve for pneumatic tire. H Nemerovsky, Manchester. 9330(1904). Golf ball. S. de Pont. Manchester. * 9333 (■904)' Vehicle wheel [having an inner and an outer rim with metallic springs or pneumatic rubber sections between]. A. Cousen, Detroit, Michigan. 9400(1904). Pneumatic tire. H. W. Hepburn, Birkdale. 9432 (1904). Hot water bottle. [A textile bag, lined with sheet asbes- tos on the side remote from the person, is made with pockets to re- ceive the rubber hot water containers.] R. W. Sampson, Quebec, Canada. 9C44 (1904). 9504 (1904.) Artificial leg [comprising parts of sponge rubber and elas- tic webbing]. R. E. Daniels, Rochdale. * 9510 (1904). Narrow elastic fabric for suspenders, garters, and the like. H. J. Gaisnan. New York. 9607 (1904). Abdominal belt. J. P. HodgkinsoQ. Manchester. 9631 (1904). ICIastic tire [formed of alternate layers ot rubber and corrugated metal bands]. A. Lafargue, London. 9644 (1904). Pneumatic tire [pro tectcd against slipping by a band detachable or otherwise from which protrudes a series of wires, bristles, or the like. the intercises being partially filled with a suitable composi- tion]. W. Youlden, London. (Abstracted in the Official Journal, August 23, 1905.] 9773 (1904). Golf ball [formed by winding elastic cords which are pre- viously plaited or twisted]. Rollo Appleyard, Silveitown rubber works, London. *993i (1904) Pneumatic tire [the cover being attached to the rim by metal eyelets] . R. H. Croninger, Chicago. * 10,175 (1904). Vaginal syringe. H. J. Haddan, London. (Meinecke & Co., New York.) 10.179 (■904)- Device for cleaning carpets by means of compressed air. J. P. O'Donnell and H. S. Potter, Bromley, Kent. [Abstracted in the Official Journal, August 30, 1905.] 10,274 (1905). Elastic wheel [having a pneumatic tube between the hub and rim portion]. E. F. Piers, Horsham, Sussex. 10,277 (1904). Pneumatic tire [with detachable rubber or leather tread to prevent slipping or puncture]. C. Dutordoir, Lecluse, France. ■°. 315 (1904). Pneumatic or other elastic tire [having a tread concave in section to prevent slipping]. A. Pearse, London. 10,432 (1904). Pneumatic tire ] with cover strengthened by embedded strands of wire or hemp]. J. McConechy, Glasgow. 10,442 (1904). Elastic tire [composed of a backing of hard rubber vul- canized to a more elastic treadj. John Hancock Nunn, London. Patents Applied For— 1905. Space is given here only to Applications for Patents on Inventions from the United States. 15,826. Philip Watson Pratt, London. Improvements in rubber treads. August 2. 16,016 (1904). W. P. Thompson, London. Improvements relating to rubber goods. (The Traun Rubber Co. , New York.) August 4. 16,654(1904). R. Mulholland, London. Improvement in rubber tire. August 16. THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. Patents Issued (Wiih Dates ok Application). 351.687 (Feb. 22, 1905). Y. J. Masson. Anti-skidding device for tires. 351.736 (Feb. 23). Dutrieux Lamelin. Tire protector for anti skidding. 351,761 (Feb. 13). A E. Fisher. Device for inflating tires. 35 1,910 (March i). J. B. L. Eeyssou Lacombe. Protector for horsts' feet. 351,924 (March i). G. P. L. Colon. Elastic product to be used in con- nection with wheel felloes. 351,932 (March 2). Otto and Riccardson. Elastictire with tread stud- ded with nails vulcanized in position. 351,648 (Jan. 9), E. Abadie Leotard. Hock-strap with adjustable fast- ening. 352,020 (March 3). C. E. Lange. Tire inner tube. 352,037 (March 4). Societe Consolidated Rubber Tire Co. Tire. 352,067 (March 6). C. L. Marshall. Shoe for pneumatic tire. 3t,2,093 (Feb. 6). A. Parouty. Pneumatic tire. 352,130 (March 6). A. Menegault. Anti skidding device for pneu- matic tires. 352,199 (March 8). E. Sotron. Elastic tired wheel. 352,384 (Feb. 14), H. E. Sykes. Improvement in the weaving of elas tic stuffs. 352,216 (March 9). G. Bedos. Leather anti skidding tread for pneu- matic tires. [NOTB. — Printed copies o( specifications of French patents may be obtained f rom R. Robet, Ingenieur-Counseil, 16 avenue de Villicrs, Paris, at 50 cents each, post paid.] October i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER AA/^ORLD 19 VACUUM AND COMPRESSED AIR CLEANING IN NEW YORK. By Frank L. Blancharil. AS 1 left the house one evening 1 heard the "chug,' " chug, " " chug " of an engine. At first I thought that firemen were at work putting out a blaze somewhere in the vicinity, but as I had heard no clanging of bells or tooting of whistles, and as the streets contained no crowds. I concluded I must be mistaken. Nevertheless 1 asked a policeman on the corner about it, and he informed me that the sounds came from a machine in front of the Academy of Music, in Irving place. So I walked around the block and found a ram like vehicle of the automobile type from which proceeded the sounds I had heard. Running from the car into the theater were two lines of rubber hose. The man in charge told .lie that the apparatus was engaged in clean- ing the walls and carpets ol the Academy by the vacuum pro- cess. Being somewhat curious to see' how the work was done, I went inside, where I found two men engaged in pushing over the carpel T shaped implements attached to lines of rubber hose. I noticed that after these had been moved back and forth over the floor a few times the colors in the carpet became much brighter. But what had become of the dust with which the carpet had been saturated a few moments before? It certainly had not been blown up into the air, for my nostrils would have detected its presence immedi- ately even though my eyes did not. When I asked one of the workmen about it he held up the instrument he was using and showed me a narrow slit extending across its entire width. I touched it and found that my fingers were pulled against the orifice with considerable force. Noting my surprise the man said : " The dust is drawn out of the carpet by the vacuum or suction process and is car- ried through the rubber hose to recept- acles in the car outside. While the press- ure IS only a lew pounds it is sufficiently great to draw the dust not only from the carpet, but also from the surface and crevices of the floor under- neath. After we have finished with the carpets, we will attach a flat brush to the hose and go over the side walls and the mold- ings. For the bas reliefs and statuary we use a round brush. The ease with which the cleaning was done was in marked contrast to the old methods of performing such work. For- merly the floor coverings had to be taken up, separated into convenient widths for handling, and carted off to a steam clean- ing establishment. After being run through the renovators the strips were taken back to the theater, sewn together, and again tacked down — all of which consumed much time and cost considerable money. There are at present several vacuum or compressed air com- panies in the field engaged in the renovating business, whose work has attracted attention. Among them are the Vacuum Cleaner Co., the Sanitary Compressed Air Vacuum Co., the General Compressed Air House Cleaning Co., and the Amer- ican Compressed Air Cleaning Co. Of these the Vacuum Cleaner Co., which is probably the MODERN CARPET CLEANING. I5\ the Vacuum Cleaner Co.'s process.] largest, owns the David T. Kenney patents. William Locke, the engineer of the company, before explaining to me the pro- cess employed, showed me what it will do. He sprinkled a quantity of flour over the carpet of his office and rubbed it into nap with his feet. He then pushed the renovator across the floor once or twice and in a moment not a vestige of the flour could be seen. "You would be surprised," he said, " to see the amount of dust that can be extracted from a rug or carpet by this process. A somewhat skeptical architect was present one day when we cleaned a large rug he had sent us. After we had extracted 18 pounds of dust he was so astonished at the effectiveness of the porcess that he gave us a contract for the installation of a largs plant in a new public building he was erecting. " Our apparatus consists of an engine or motor, a vacuum machine, and two separators for receiving and separating the dust. We have installed permanent plants in the department stores of R. H. Macy & Co. and John Wanamaker ; in the Me- tropolitan Opera House, Keith's, Proctor's and the Knicker- bocker theaters; in the Hotels St. Regis and Breslin ; in the National Park Bank and the American Exchange National Bank buildings, and in the private resi- dences of Miss Helen Gould, Charles M. Schwab, Senator W. A. Clark, and others. "You can readily understand what a job it must be in these large buildings to clean the floors and carpets of dust each day. To do the work a small army of men and women is employed. Sweeping a carpet with a broom removes only a part of the dust, the remainder being left in the body, or in the air from which it set- tles on the walls, the furniture, and other objects in the room until it is dislodged by the dust rag and sent flying in the air again. "With a vacuum cleaning plant the work can be performed in half the time by only a few employes. The dust is abso- lutely removed from every object in the apartment and the air is left entirely free of the substance. The vacuum rubber hose used is non collapsible, being supported by steel wire construction, and yet is perfectly flexible in handling. In a permanent plant outlets from the stationary piping are located at convenient places on each floor to which the rubber hose, which has a diameter of i ,'2 inches, may readily be attached when desired. The separator tanks that receive the dust through the hose consist of two upright cylinders. The first separates from the air current the dust in dry deposit; while the second completes the process of separation by passing the air current through a column of water in which the remaining matter is held in liq- uid suspension." The Sanitary Compressed Air Vacuum Co., which has an of- fice in the " Flatiron " building, employs a system that com- bines the vacuum and compressed air processes under what are known as the Lotz patents. John D. Elwell. the general manager of the company, in outlining the diflerences between the vac- uum and the compressed air-vacuum methods of cleaning, said : 20 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1905. "Our process requires the use of more power because the slot in our carpet sweeper is much wider and the rubber hose of a larger diameter. While from 8 to 20 horse- power is used, according to the size of the plant, in the vacuum system, in ours, which we call the inrush, from S to 40 is required. A vacuum is like a rope, good to pull with, but no good to push with. We do the pushing part with compressed air. That is, we use it to dislodge the dust from the carpet and the floor underneath, and employ the vacuum to remove it. Two lines of hose are connected with the sweeper. One contains the com- pressed air, and the other being attached to the vacuum ma- chine serves as a conduit for removing the dust. " The effectiveness of the system is easily demonstrated. One of our twelve inch sweepers in l}^ hours removed 42 pints or 21 quarts of dust from 560 yards of carpet. It would require 14 men working with brooms to get this amount of dust out of the carpet and when they were through nearly hall o( it would be floating in the air. A 12 inch vacuum sweeper has a clean- ing capacity of 400 yards of carpet an hour, or, in actual prac- tice, from 10 to 15 large rooms. " It is e.xtremely ditllcult to remove the dust from the carved ornaments of the decorations in some of New York's palaces. It is a very expensive process, too. Whenever the ceiling and walls of the parlor of the Vanderbilt house at Fifty-eighth street and Fifth avenue were systematically dusted, it was for- merly necessary to build a scafTold and have the dust carefully removed by soft brushes, at an average cost of S300. When we were called on to do the work we completed the task at a total cost of $25. " Our process of cleaning is in use in the Chamber of Com- merce, W. & J. Sloane's store, the Vanderbilt, Huntington, and Sterns houses and several theaters, includmg the Academy of Music." When the Hotel Astor was erected two years ago, the Gen- eral Compressed Air House Cleaning Co., of St. Louis, installed one of its plants in the building. This company owns the Thurman patents, which are regarded by some engineers as among the best for pneumatic cleaning yet taken out. Under the system employed by the company compressed air is used to lift the dust out of the carpet instead of a vacuum. The piping of permanent plants is from ^2 to i inch in diameter. and the flexible rubber hose of a correspond- ing size. The sweeper is T shaped and much resembles that employed in the va- cuum process. The dust instead of being carried off through a pipe to the basement is collected in receptacles on each floor where the cleaning is being done. The engineer and housekeeper of the Hotel Astor express themselves as being much pleased with the system. At the Hotel Victoria still another s\s- tem is in use — that of the American Com- pressed Air Cleaning Co., of Milwaukee. Compressed air is delivered to the several flDors of the hotel in steel pipes, wheie connection is made with a rubber hose as in all the other methods of pneumatic cleaning. The sweeper is a nickel plated box about 14 inches long, 10 inches wide, and 5 inches deep. In the bottom is a very narrow slit through which the compressed air is driven into the carpet. The dust being forced out rises into a hood spread over the top of the box and then falls into the box itself from whence it is removed and placed in bags. As condensed air naturally contains more moisture than ordinary air, and as it would in that condition make the carpet damp and prevent the dust from being forced out of it, it is first passed through sev- eral large tanks and nearly all of the moisture removed, before being used. In order that it may be made still dryer the air is sometimes passed through a portable drying tank on the floor where the work is being performed. A pressure of 85 pounds is used. The engineer of the Victoria, Mr. G. McDoal, in- formed me that although the hall carpets had been swept every day for several months before the new cleaning appara- tus was installed, nevertheless the first night the new system was used, three ash cans filled with dust was removed from them. A list of the buildings equipped with permanent apparatus for cleaning by the various systems here described would fill several columns of this paper, besides which it is to be consid- ered that a larger number of buildings are regularly served by the cleaning companies by means of portable apparatus. The White House at Washington is equipped with a permanent service, as are the residences of many wealthy citizens in New York and other principal cities, together with some of the largest hotels, banks, office buildings, public buildings, churches, theaters, railroad terminals, and even steamships. Nor is the use of these methods for cleaning confined to the United States. The difTerent systems are coming into wide use in Europe. For instance, in Buckingham Palace, the home of King Edward, lias been established a complete vacuum ser- vice which is in daily use. • * * At the second annual meeting of the British Vacuum Cleaner Co., Limited, in London, in August, satisfactory reports were presented in regard to progress made by the company in in- troducing their system of cleaning, which is the same as used by the Vacuum Cleaner Co. in the United States. A dividend of 6 per cent, for the year was declared. The company hold shares in a number of subsidiary companies, and at the meeting referred to dividends were reported to have been declared dur- Lfc hLANT OF THE VACUUM CLEANER CO. OcTor.EK I, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 21 ing the year by some of the subsidiary companies as follows : Scottish Vacuum Cleaner Co '7/^? Lancashire and Central Counties Vacuum Cleaner Co io;« Midland Vacuum Cleaner Co i% Southern Counties Vacuum Cleaner Co (intf>im\ 5? [A furllier --■! percent, dividetid expected.] North Kastern Vacuum Cleaner Co No report. German company lo;? Austrian company No distribution. Huenos Aires company 6? An interesting new application of the principle of cleaning by vacuum was brought up at the meeting of the British Vacuum Cleaner Co., in the shape of an apparatus patented by the com- pany's manager (Mr. H. C. Booth, A. .\l. I. C. E.), designed to lessen the danger of e.xplosion in coal mines by reducing the volume of explosive dust in them. A royal commission had reported that the occurrence of such dust had been the cause of very many explosions. The North Eastern Vacuum Cleaner Co. were about to put down a plant under Mr. Booth's patent in a mine, the owner of which had stated that if it proved suc- cessful he would at once install the device in all his plants ; be- sides, if it proved successful, all the other companies would at once take up the invention. Another application mentioned was a device for cleaning fiues and steam boilers, and plans were under way for its use in connection with blast furnaces and other like work. OBITUARY. JOSEPH WEST GREEN. THE late loseph W. Green, of whom a brief obituary note appeared in the last India RuiiiiER World, was born August 23, 1848, at Marblehead, Massachusetts, being the son of Joseph West and Abbie Girdler Green. He received but little schooling, being obliged to begin work at 1 2 years, and as a boy taking responsibilities that seldom come to one so young. At the age of 18 he entered the employment of Nichols & Farnsworth, dealers in shoe findings, in Boston, and remained with the house for 12 years, during which time he came to make a specialty of selling elastic shoe gorings. In this connec- tion he attracted the attention of the late Edmund H. Sawyer, of Easthampton, Mass., and when the management of the Gl en dal e Elastic Fabrics Co. of that town devolved upon the latter, he sent for Mr. Green. He went to East- hampton in 1878, at the age of 30 years, becoming treasurer and gen- eral manager of the company, after which he was al- ways in the immediate direction of its affairs. Under his man- agement the company prospered and its business grew in volume and importance. Not only were important additions made to the local plant from time to time, but a year or two ago a large mill in the same industry at Providence, Rhode Island, was bought by the Glendale company and since successfully oper- ated by it. While always devoted to the success of this industry and in- terested in the welfare of its employes, Mr. Green found time to take an active part in the life of Easthampton apart from his direct business interests. He was influential in town affairs, and at the time of his death was chairman of the board of water commissioneis. He was a director of the First National Bank of Easthampton, trustee of the Easthampton Savings Bank, and director of the Nashawannock Manufacturing Co. He was a member of Ionic Lodge of Freemasons, a member of Pascom- nuck Club, the leading social club in the town, and secretary of the Nonotuck Club, an association of manufacturers formed to provide recreation primarily for those of the townspeople who were employed in the mills. He was likewise a trustee of the public library. Mr. Green had a great talent for music, which he cultivated from his youth. In Boston he had been a member of the fa- mous Apollo and Orpheus musical clubs and was leader of the Sunday school choir in Trinity church and an intimate friend of the late Bishop Phillips Brooks, who had a marked influ- ence in forming the character of the younger man. At East- hampton at various times Mr. Green led the choir and played the organ in three different churches, and he led the Choral Union for several seasons. Mr. Green was married in Boston. September 30, 1889, to Mrs. James H. C. Richmond, of Shulisburg, Wisconsin. Mrs. Green survives him, and he leaves four stepsons and a step- daughter, including James H. C. Richmond, of New York, and Clifford Richmond, of Easthampton, who have long been con- nected with the Glendale company, and Mrs. William L. Pitch- er, whose husband is connected with the Easthampton Rubber Thread Co. Mr. Green had been physically weak for some time, and in the torrid heat of July last made business trips that were too great a strain. The resultwas a series of severe hemorrhages, and the end came shortly after midnight on August 28. The funeral occurred on August 30. After private services at the late resi- dence, the remains were escorted to Payson church by Ionic Lodge and the whole body of the Glendale company's employes, after which the pastors of the various churches in town joined in a public service. Many of Mr. Green's out of town business associates were present, and all the places of business with which he been connected were closed. The emplo)es of the Glendale mill have taken steps to have placed upon the wall a bronze tablet in memory ol Mr. Green, not only as treasurer and manager of the mill, but their " fel- low workman." » » » John Spencer Turner, director and vice president of the United States Cotton Duck Corporation and head of the J. Spencer Turner Co., of New York, died of apoplexy on Septem- ber 19 at Caldwell, New Jersey, in hisseventy-fifth year. He was one of the best known men in the cotton duck trade and was instrumental in organizing the so called " cotton duck trust." His home was in Brooklyn. Japan.— The Fujikura Insulated Wire and Rubber Co. (To- kio, Japan) advise The India Rubber World that their busi- ness during the first half of this year was very good, their sales of weatherproof wire amounting in value to 90,000 yen [ = S43'- 920], and sales of rubber insulated wire to 160,000 yen [ = $79,- 680]. They hoped to do a still larger business during the latter half of the year. 22 THE INDIA RUBBER ^?VORLD [October i, 1905. NEW GOODS AND SPECIALTIES IN RUBBER. GOODRICH SURGEONS SYRINGK OUTFIT. IN the line of syringes the most distinctive novelty placed on the market for some time past is comprised in the Surgeons' Syringe Outfit, of which an illustration is pre- sented herewith. This is made of pure gum, with rein- forced strip up the center. The stock and construction admit of its being folded up into a very small space, ren- dering it not only serviceable but convenient to carry. The outfit includes, in addi- tion to the bag, 6 feet of pure gum tubing, with con- nections and shut- ofT. The bag is made in two quart, three quart, and J four quart sizes, and is altogether a strictly high grade article. [The B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio.] DR. TULLAR'S vaginal SPRAY. The article illustrated herewith being made entirely of hard and soft rubber, of high quality and finish, and no metal being used in its construction, there is nothing about it to corrode. The hollow cup shaped spray differs from any other, and possesses distinctive advantages, as does the oval shaped adjustable rubber shield or vaginal closing plug. The discharge pipe is of mod- erate size, witJi no hurtful sharp edged out- lets. The bulb, being pear shaped, with a soft neck, holds the pipe less rigidly than in the case of many other syringes, and the capacity of the Tullar syringe — 9 ounces — is such that one filling is enough for a safe, perfect, and efficient douche. These various advantages will serve to explain the great popularity which the Tullar syringe has at- tained. [Seamless Rubber Co., New Haven, Connecticut.] A NEW KELLY-SPRINGFIELD TIRE FEATURE. A NEW feature in the way of retaining rings for solid rubber vehicle tires is shown in the accompanying illustration. One great trouble with tires of this type for heavy work, as on commercial wagons, has always been with the fastenings. In the present case steel V shaped tetain- ing rings, wrapped spirally with canvas to which the rubber vulcanizes, thus giving a hold complete around the ring, are inserted in the base of the rubber, and. bearing directly on the band of the wheel, eliminate eternal friction. To make the fastening means still more secure, the rubber section is made somewhat wider than the steel base or rim, and compressed by the side flanges which are drawn up by bolts. Owing to the V shape of the retaining rings the tire is then practically dovetailed to the wheel, and thus held very se- curely. The tire is made in width up to 7 inches. [Consoli- dated Rubber Tire Co., No. 1784 Broadway, New York.] TROUSER ROBE FOR MOTORISTS. In these pages last month ap- peared a description of a new trouser robe for motorists, made to buckle around the waist and ankles and designed to keep off the wind, in addition to its other advantages. An illustration of this robe was given, but a better idea of the merit of the article may be gained from another il- lustration, which is presented herewith, showing how the gar- ment appears when in use. This is made of various materials, at different prices, ranging from plain rubber face, with shepherd plaid back, to fine green cloth, face woven whipcord back, rub- ber interlined. [L. C. Chase & Co., Boston and New York.] AN ADJUSTABLE FOUNTAIN SYRINGE SHUT-OFF. A SUITABLE "shut-off" is es- sential to the satisfactory use of a fountain syringe — one that not only will do the work re- quired of it in regulating the flow of water through the tube, but is easily worked. Such a device is that recently patented by Elbert O. Jeralds, of which two illustrations are shown here- with, showing the Shut-off open and closed. It is exceedingly simple in construction, the shut-off proper being stamped from a single piece of high nickel plate, while the lever, by means of which the pressure is controlled, is made from another. In other words, the whole device consists of but two pieces, and CLOSED. may readily be worked with one hand. Thisshut-off, although introduced only recently, is understood to have been adopted OCIOBER I, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 23 already by leading manufacturers of druggists' sundries, and by a number of assemblers of such goods, besides having received the approval of many physicians, nurses, and others competent to express an opinion. These goods are made in two styles- No. I, rapid flow; and No. 2, regular flow. [The Jeralds & Townsend Manufacturing Co., Stamford, Connecticut.] THE "handy" tobacco POUCH. A NOVELTY in the line of tobacco pouches is shown here- with. Instead of being circular in shape, as has been the case with to- bacco pouches hitherto, it is rectangular, the reason being that it is intended especially as a plug tobacco container. It is made of a fine qual- ity of red rubber stock — in one size — 3!4'><.2}i XH inch. [The B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio.] GOODRICH THREE FINGER GLOVE. This is an article made for surgeons' use, tocoverthe thumb and index and middle fingers, and has been very much ap- preciated for use in certain operations. It is made of pure gum. in sizes No. 6 to No. 10 inclusive, seamless, and smooth finish, listed at $12 per dozen pairs. [The B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio.] FOSTER CRIMPED FIBER SOLE. Two illustrations presented herewith relate to the Foster plaited or crimped fiber sole, which has recently been patented. The first of the cuts illustrates the con- struction of the plug material and the sec- ond its insertion into the sole of the golf, tennis, yachting, or other shoe. From the first of the cuts it will be seen how each and every wear- ing thread is bent in such a manner as to give the wear on each end of the thread. ^;:^<^ ;, M : : ;; :::: ;1<: :;:<: ; : iiii"" ,1,11"' ^??'i'' greater strength, greater flexibility, and greater elasticity are given to the soles, with less liability to slip on dry grass or wet sidewalks; besides, they wear longer and give a velvet tread while in use. [Foster Rubber Co., Boston.! THE RETURN OF MR. FLINT. MR. CHARLES R. FLINT arrived at home in New York no September 5, after an absence of several months in Europe, during which lime he was mentioned in several cabled reports as being in Russia. He was received in audience by the Czar on August 25, and returns impressed with the prospects of an improved industrial future for Russia. " I feel confident." Mr. Flint said, '• now that peace is assured, that Russia is about to enter upon a period of great industrial activity, and I am satisfied that her policy is to encourage Americans to take part in the development of her enormous natural resources, comparable with those of the United States. Russia will un- doubtedly reduce the duties on American products, which will probably be the first step in that direction." This statement was made by Mr. Fhnt in an interview with him printed in the New York newspapers of September 6, several days after which M. Witte, one of the Russian peace plenipotentiaries, called upon President Roosevelt and formally notified him that the Czar had ordered a removal of the special duties on imports from the United States imposed in Russia. Before the de- parture of M. Witte for his home the Russian plenipotentiaries Charles R. Klint. Gen. Horace Porter. "Have you got an indemnity about you? "asked Gen. Porter. [cartoon by C. DE F0HN;R0 tH NEW YORK ' WORLD."! were entertained at dinner at the Metropolitan Club in New York by Colonel George Harvey, editor of Harptr's Weekly. Mr. Flint was one of the 80 guests, and figured in a series of cartoons suggested by the dinner to Charles de Fornaro, one of the artists of the New York World, and which appeared in the issue of that paper for September 10. The accompanying cut indicates how Mr. Flint appeared to the cartoonist. The advantages of molding this special fiber so constructed and saturated with rubber into the soles of boots and shoes are that Balata. — The government of V'enezuela having taken meas- ures to prevent the reckless destruction of the Balata trees in that country. Le Caoutchouc et la Gutta-Percha (Paris) doubts whether any such prohibition will measurably prevent the practices complained of; at least the spoliation of the forests, it thinks, will at most only be retarded. 24 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1905. RUBBER INTERESTS IN EUROPE. STRIKE OF RUBBER WORKERS AT LEIPZIG. THE strike of rubber workers at Leipzig, after some weeks, was still in progress at last accounts. Beginning with the hard rubber workers, it had extended until a number of workers in soft rubber were included. While the strikers at their meetings claimed to be holding their own, the employers, on the other hand, claimed to be able to maintain their deter- mination not to grant the advance in wages asked for, on the ground that in view of the high prices of raw materials the pay- ment of higher wages was absolutely impossible. The manu- facturers had refused to enter into any discussion of the other demands of the labor union, on the ground that their accept- ance would mean loss of control of the factories by their owners. One report states that the manufacturers have stocks of goods of such dimensions as to render it unnecessary to produce any more for a considerable time to come, and that even if orders should go unfilled the manufacturers would shed few tears, on account of the small profits realizable on rubber goods at this time. DUNLOP PNEUMATIC TYRE CO., LIMITED. The directors of this company, in calling an extraordinary meeting of the shareholders in London for September 14, stated that they wished to lay before them the position of the company in its manufacturing aspect. The last annual report, issued in November last, stated that the number of tires manu- factured in the company's works during the year had reached the total of 1,556.220, which "represents an enormous increase as compared with any previous year and far surpasses the out- put of any firm in the world." The position of the company now, it is asserted, is that this large output has not only been maintained but greatly exceeded during the curient season, and that the company has been obliged to allow a large number of orders in the motor tire department to pass unexecuted. The directors now desire to erect another completely equipped factory as speedily as possible, and the meeting was called for the consideration of this point and its bearing upon the pro- posed reorganization of the company. The royalties which the company previously received lapsed with the patents, in 1904, and the price of tires for the current season was substantially reduced. Yet the chairman stated at the meeting that their dividend promised to be larger this year than last year. The plan outlined for securing the additional factory — to cost £s°-' 000 — is to suspend for one year the diversion of the customary amount to the sinking fund maintained to retire the company's debentures at their maturity. It was reported that a large num- ber of assents had been secured to the plan of reorganization, but definite action was postponed until the sentiment of the various classes of shareholders could be more clearly ascer- tained. Chairman DuCros said that in addition to their larger tire production than ever before, their factories had made this year 400,000 rims and more than 2,000.000 valves. The com- pany had large hopes in respect of the demand for motor bus tires. GREAT BRITAIN. In the bankruptcy court at St. Albans, England, on August 22, A. Vaughan Stevens, of Harpenden, appeared for his public examination, a report of which at length appears in T/ie Herts Advertiser. His statement disclosed liabilities of ^{[3417 9s. and no assets. Nine years ago he became director of Bourne Brothers & Co., Limited, owning six tenths of their capital of ^Tio.ooo. Subsequently he conducted business as Bourne Brothers & Co., trustee for the limited company, and lately he had been rendering services, without specified compensation, for A. C. Baber, sole owner of the capital of the reorganized Bourne Brothers & Co., Limited, and trading as A. C. Baber & Co., rubber manufacturers, at Mansion House Chambers, E. C, London. Mr. Stevens attributed his insolvency to the fail- ure of Messrs. Bourne, Limited. For one thing, he had endorsed their bills to John Lang, a London rubber merchant, and Mr. Lang was one of the creditors who appeared in the proceedings against Stevens. The latter testified that the business of the Bourne company was chiefly making rings and screw stoppers for bottles, of rubber and another material, under a secret not patented and known only to Stevens. FRANCE. At St. Claude, in the department of the Jura, a new works is being erected for the exclusive manufacture of hard rubber, by a joint stock company, organized in January of the present year, with a capital of 600,000 francs [ = $i 15,800]. Hermann Wezel,of Grosswenden, Saxony, was elected managing director, and the buildings as well as the technical installation are being constructed in conformity with his specifications. The firm expect to commence operations by January next. GERMANY. The board of Vereinigte Gummiwaren-Fabrikcn Harburg- Wien have decided to make a motion, at the general meeting which IS to be called for October 28, for declaring a dividend of 12 'j per cent., the same amount as last year. This comparatively satisfactory result, says Giimini-Zeituni;, has been obtained both by the increase in sales and by the participation of the company in the Internationale Galalith-Gesellschaft HofT & Co., which is showing a most satisfactory development. A full report on the company's interest in Galalith appeared in The India Rubber World February 1, 1905 — page 155. RUBBER BOTTLE STOPPERS IN GERMANY. [from " gum.mi zeitung," skptember 8.] A NEW movement against rubber stoppers for bottles has been inaugurated by the manufacturers of cork stoppers, who, after having prepared their campaign, are now evidently ad- vancing to the fight. They are, in fact, distributing circulars, in which they refer to the " discovery " of Dr. Pond concerning the " infallibly mortal effects of the use of rubber bottle stop- pers," and they make the following statement : "The time has apparently come when the authorities involved in the matter, such as the police departments and especially the Imperial department of health of the German empire, must enter upon a thorough consideration of the question, whether the use of such patented bottle stoppers as are deleterious to health shall in future continue to be allowed. Government tests appear to be a preeminent requirement." Manufacturers of rubber stoppers will undoubtedly have no objection to truly scientific tests, as they would only serve to prove the absolute fallacy of Dr. Pond's contentions. If the cork stopper manufacturers believe, however, that the " prohibition " of the use of red rubber discs for bottle stoppers would tend to remove all patented rubber stoppers in general from the market, they commit a very serious error. The re- sult would simply be that common sulphur would be used for vulcanizing, instead of golden sulphuret of antimony, and that grey or black rubber discs would be supplied for bottle stoppers. The red color of these discs is, in fact, merely a matter of style or taste, and their abolition would leave the cork stopper man- ufacturers no ground to stand on in their stubborn agitation against rubber stoppers. It would, in fact, be impossible to abolish the use of rubber stoppers, as they occupy by this time too prominent a place among our daily necessities. October i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 25 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN RUBBER TRADE. THE "GOODYEAR GLOVE " FACTORY ENLARGED. THE Goodyear's India Rubber Glove Manufacturing Co. (Naugatuck, Connecticut) are building an addition to their druggists' sundries department, which Superin- tendent F. F. Schaffer states will enable the company to double their present output in this line. Early in August the company began using a new addition to their shoe mill, that will permit the production of 10,000 pairs more per day. THE FIRESTONE TIRE AND RUBBER CO- — ADDITIONS. Important additions are being made to the plant of the Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. ( Akron, Ohio ), to accommo- date two projected new features in their business. The company are about to take on the manufacture of pneumatic motor tires, having acquired a patent granted to Theron R. Palmer, whose tire has been considerably improved since the granting of the patent. The company also plan entering upon the manufacture of mechanical rubber goods. The floor space of the factory will be doubled in size by the new addition, and the present capacity practically doubled. One building, to be one story high and 40X100 feet, will be used as a warehouse. Another, to be four stories goX'oo feet, will be used for various manu- facturing processes. THE B. F. GOODRICH CO. — SHOE DEPARTMENT. The manufacture of rubber boots and shoes was begun regu- larly by The B. F.Goodrich Co. (Akron) on September 18. The work was on a small scale, and devoted to the production of samples, but it was intended to begin on a much larger scale about October i. The machinery was practically all installed and a number of trained workmen were in place as instructors in the various processes of making rubber footwear. Superin- tendent E. C. Shaw informed the representative of The India RURRER World that the capacity of the boot and shoe de- partment as now constituted would be 5000 or 6000 pairs a day. THE FISK RUBBER CO. The company above named have lately awarded a contract for a large addition to their rubber tire factory at Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts, to cost in the neighborhood of S30.000. It will be a three story brick building. 45 X 112 feet, with an "L" construction forming an additional building 40 feet square. One floor of the new building will be used for storage for rub- ber fabrics and the others for the manufacture of bicycle tires only, which will leave the main factory devoted solely to the manufacture of the Fisk mechanically fastened automobile tire. Kirkham & Parlett, of Springfield, are architects of the new building. NEW HAMPSHIRE'S FIRST RUBBER STORE, The invitations which were issued for the opening of the store of the Granite State Rubber Co. ( Manchester, New Hampshire ), on September g. were accepted by a large number of people, the store being crowded until late in the evening. Not only is it the first rubber goods store to be opened in the state, but the opening was advertised in an attractive way, the officers of the company having become experienced, through their management of the four " Crocker rubber stores "else- where, in gaining the attention of the public. A fine orchestra furnished a concert in the afternoon and another in the even- ing. Twenty-five rubber plants were offered as prizes to the ladies attending the opening who should guess nearest the amount of cash sales for that day. Besides, souvenirs were given to everybody who visited the store. Mr. Isaac Crocker, the treasurer of the new company, has been identified with the rubber trade in New England for 35 years. Mr. H. L. Cropsey, the president, has been connected for a long time with the Hope Rubber Co., the Providence, Rhode Island, house in the X^rocker chain of rubber stores. THE DIAMOND RUBBER CO. "s CONFERENCE. A CONFERKNCE of the otTicers and branch managers of The Diamond Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio) on September 8 and 9. The object of the meeting was the same as that held every year — to plan the company's business campaign for the coming twelve months. Good reports were made from every quarter, giving the company reason to be satisfied with the outlook. One feature of interest is the increasing use of automobiles, and consequently of pneumatic tires, in the South, where machines can be used all year. It is understood that no marked change is to be made in the company's styles of pneumatic tires. Branch managers were present from New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit. Minneapolis, Chicago, St. Louis, Atlanta, and San Francisco. THE SWEET TIRE AND RUBBER CO. At the annual meeting at Batavia, New York, on August 23, the following directors were elected : John H. Ward, Ashtcn W. Caney, and George E. Perrin, all of Batavia, and A. A. Smith and Lewis Benedict, of Attica, N. Y. The only change from last year is that Mr. Smith succeeds John M. Sweet. The directors reelected the officers, as follows : John H. Ward, pres- ident ; A. W. Caney, vice president; George E. Perrin, secre- tary and treasurer. bailey's "won't slip" TIRES. C. J. Bailey & Co. (Boston) have issued a license for the manufacture of their " Won't Slip" motor tire treads to Mor- gan & Wright, in addition to the six important rubber factories already making these treads under license. It is stated that the demand for these treads has become so great that the manu- facturers are unable to supply it. Messrs. Bailey & Co. have received a letter from F. R. Tibbitts, of Boston, stating that he has used a set of " Won't Slip " treads for over a year, in which time his 28 HP. motor, weighing 2500 pounds, has run over 9000 miles. One tread having been slightly punctured, he is sending it for repairs, with the idea that it will be good for another 1000 or 2000 miles running. RUBBER AT A CANADIAN EXHIBITION. The rubber industry of Ontario was very thoroughly repre- sented at the Canadian National Exhibition, at Toronto, which closed during the first week in September. The number of ex- hibitors was greater than at any time in the past, and the num- ber and variety of exhibits correspondingly greater. Displays were made by the (Jutta-Percha and Rubber Manufacturing Co. of Toronto, Limited, the Dunlop Tire Co., Limited, and the Ontario Rubber Co., of Toronto ; the Merchants' Rubber Co., Limited, of Berlin, and the Berlin Rubber Manufacturing Co., Limited. THE COLONIAL TIRE AND RUBBER CO. [See The Iniiia Ruiibkk WoRLn, March I, 1905— page 207.] This company was incorporated September 2, 1905. under the laws of Ohio, with headquarters at Akron, to succeed the Delaware corporation under the same name, of 1902. The in- 26 IHE INDIA RUBBER ^VORLD [October i, 1905. corporators are William A. Byrider, John Byrider, James A. Swinehart, P. D. Hall, and C. T. Grant— all of Akron. The capital is $6000, instead of $60,000, as under the old charter. This company is a holding company, owning the foreign patents on the Swinehart "side wire" tire, made in the United States under royalty by The B. F. Goodrich Co., The Diamond Rubber Co., and the Firestone Tire and F^ubber Co., and in Europe by a number of leading makers, from whom the Colo- nial company derive royalties. ALLING RUBBER STORES SYNDICATE. Under the name The Ailing Rubber Co., a rubber goods store is to be opened about October i at No. 261 Main street, Springfield, Massachusetts, in charge of Mr. F. C. Hubbell, who has been connected with the stores of The Ailing Rubber Co. at Bridgeport and Hartford. Connecticut, for two years past. This makes the tenth rubber goods store con- ducted by the Ailing interests, the first nine being located in C o n- necticut. The be- ginning of this in- teresting and unique chain of stores dates from September, 1890. when Noyes E. Ailing, who for several years had been a traveling salesman in the rubber clothing line, established a store at Norwich_ NOYES E. ALLiNQ. Connecticut, for the sale of rubber goods generally. In the next year his brother, W. S. Ailing, became a partner in this store, and in May, 1895, he purchased the entire interest in the store. Later that year Noyes E. Ailing acquired and consolidated two rubber goods stores at Bridgeport and the business has since been conducted under the name The Ailing Rubber Co., a corporation, which has since opened several branch stores. It may be of interest to give the whole list of the Ailing stores, with the ownership and date of establishment: Ailing Rubber Co. (W. S. Ailing, proprietor). — Norwich, Septem- ber I, 1S90 ; New London, April i, 1904. The Ailing Rubber Co. ( N. E. Ailing, president ; Arthur E. Ailing, secretary .ind treasurer). — Bridgeport, November i, 1895; New Haven, April i, 1S90 (acquired later by the Ailing company); Meriden, June i, 1903 ; Waterbury, June i, 1905. The Stamford Rubber Co. ( N. E. Ailing, president, C. E. Ailing, secretary and treasurer). — Stamford, April I, 1SS9, ..4///H;' /"((W^;- Cc.( Copartnership between N. E. Ailing and Amos P. Mitchell). — Hartford, November i, 1902; New Britain, April i 1904, Springfield ( Massachusetts), October i, njo;. N. E. Ailing, whose headquarters are at the Bridgeport store, is the buyer of the larger portion of the goods for all of the above named stores. Each of the houses has a local manager who has been trained in this chain of stores. In addition to his interest in rubber, Mr. N. E. Ailing, in February, 1899, be- came connected with a furniture and house furnishing goods company in Bridgeport, and since that date has served as sec- retary and treasurer of the same. NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS. United States Rubber Co. : DATES. Common. Prkpbrred. Sales. 7.700 4.050 5.3to 28,510 25,070 High. 53H 52}8 51 57 58J^ Low. 51?^ 50 49^ 47J<: Sales. High. IIO^ 1 10;^ 109 Low. Week ending Aug. 26 Week ending Sept. 2 Weekending Sepl. 9 Week ending .Sept. 16 Week ending Sept. 23 400 1,150 700 4.750 2,800 no .08^ .o81.g 108 112 Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co. : Common. Prkfbrred. Sales. High. Low. Sales. High Low- Weekending Aug. 26 300 35 34;^ Week ending Sept. 2 400 34 ?i 34 too 105}^ 105^2 Week ending Sept, 9 200 ^^H 34 — — — Week ending Sept. 16 800 34% 34 — — — Week ending Sept. 23 3.400 ^^K 34 J^ 200 104 104 UNITED STATES RUBBER CO. It is reported that the new issues of this company will be listed on the New York stock exchange shortly. There has been trading recently in the "outside market" in the second preferred shares " when issued," at 79 @ 80. According to gossip in the trade there is a considerable expectation that dividends on the common stock will be resumed at the regular monthly meeting of directors in October. There ate no known facts, however, to support this assumption. The last dividend paid on the common shares was on April 30, 1900. THE FAULTLESS RUBBER CO. (aKRON, OHIO.) The Faultless Rubber Co. are constructing some important additions to their factory, and the new buildings are of fire- proof construction, with a view to the ultimate conversion of the whole plant to buildings of this class. There is now under way a three story building, to be made of tile and concrete, and it is planned to follow this with two similar buildings, all of which it is hoped to complete within a few months. The company need additional room badly, and it is stated that the additions referred to will double the capacity of the factory. SUED BY THE STANDARD OIL CO. Suit was filed at Akron, Ohio, on August 1 1, by the Stand- ard Oil Co., against The Lilly Rubber Manufacturing Co. and the individual shareholders therein, for $259 61 for naphtha supplied to the defendants' factory. The case has not yet come to trial, but several of the defendants have filed answers, and among them Irvin R. Benner, a shareholder, who alleges that the plaintiff, the Standard Oil Co., is not a corporation, but a "trust," carrying on business in the state of Ohio in violation of the anti trust laws of Ohio and of the United States, and therefore not entitled to any standing in court. VENTILATION AND HEATING COMBINED. Experience has clearly demonstrated that in this climate no system of ventilation can be successfully operated by it- self and independently of the method of heating that may be adopted. It is, in fact, a vital element of success that the two systems be most intimately combined, for they are clearly interdependent, and when properly applied are so interwoven in their operation and results that disunion is certain to bring ab)ut failure. For the purpose of ventilation, the fan was first applied upon a practical scale about the middle of this cen- tury, but only to a limited extent, and it was not until the fan and the steam heater in marketable form were intro- duced by B. F. Sturtevant that the so-called " Blower sys- October i, i9«5. | THK INDIA RUBBER WORLD 27 tern " became a reality. The system of which these two ele- ments are the most important factors, as originally installed by this house, has naturally been known as " The .Sturtevant System." This system is at once practical, successful, and eco- nomical ; for, air being the natural conveyor of heat, it may, when properly warmed and supplied, perform the double oHice of heating and ventilating. As applied, the Sturtevant sys- tem forces the air into the apartment by the pressure or ple- num method. When a fan is arranged to exhaust or withdraw the air from an enclosed space, the term vacuum, or exhaust method, is almost universally applied. FIRE HOSE IN PHILADELPHIA THEATERS. The India Rubber World's Philadelphia correspondent writes; " As a result of Fire Marshal Lattimer's annual inspec- tion of theaters in this city, it is probable that some large con- tracts for supplies of rubber hose will soon be placed. He has recommended to Director of Public Safety Potter that the lat- ter notify owners of theaters and public playhouses to use fire hose made of rubber hereafter, instead of linen. The use of linen hose is considered unsatisfactory because, according to Mr. Lattimer, it is likely to flatten so as to impede the How of water. ' All hose used in theaters hereafter must be rubber lined,' is the order sent to owners of the difTerent playhouses." NEW INCORPORATIONS. The Akron Rubber Shoe Co., September 21, 1905, under Ohio laws ; capital, S5000. This company has been formed by The B. F. Goodrich Co. (Akron, Ohio), in connection with their or- ganization of a new department for the manufacture of rubber footwear. =Standard Rubber Co., September!, 1905, under New Jersey laws; capital $50,000. Incorporators: John M.Wright, James D. Brady, and Stephen C. Cook, all of Trenton, N. J. The purpose is the manufacture of mechanical rubber goods ; offices have been opened in the First National Bank building at Trenton. =:The Lancaster Rubber Co. ( Lancaster. Ohio), August 28, 1905, under Ohio laws; capital authorized, $50,000. Incorpo- rators: Frederick Keifer, Charles |. Franklin, H. C. Benner, Mabel A. Franklin, Edith Keifer. =Lowe Rubber Process Co. (San Francisco), August 12, 1905, under California laws ; capital $300,000, in $1 shares. Incorporators: E. L. Lowe, A. Lollewood, J. H. Marble, and Franklin K. Lowe, all of San Francisco, and R. E. Russell, Al- ameda, Cal. TRADE NEWS NOTES. The Warren Rubber Co. (Warren, Ohio), wholesalers of rubber boots and shoes, have increased their capital stock from $30,000 to $50,000, to enable them to take care of their steadily increasing business. The company was incorporated early in 1897, with $20,000 capital. The new stock, taken prin- cipally by the old shareholders, is entitled to 7 per cent, divi- dends semi-annually. = Boston Woven Hose and Rubber Co. advise us that since September i their Philadelphia address has been 71 Drexel building, which is the headquarters of Mr. Frederick E. Stock- well, their local branch manager. = William Raisch has resigned as secretary and treasurer of the Alden Rubber Co. ( Barberton, Ohio), to accept a position with the Dayton Rubber Manufacturing Co., and his assistant, E. B. Joy, has been promoted to the position lately filled by Mr. Raisch. = The New York Fire department repair shops are to be eqiiipped by the R. F. Sturtevant Co. (Boston) with a complete outfit of forges, blowers, and a smoke exhauster. =One of the most attractive and useful souvenirs ofTered in the rubber trade is the pigskin card case given to their friends by the Fabric Fire Hose Co. (New York). In addition to this the company issue a very attractive gold and red enamel button bearing their trade mark and the insignia of a fire chief, which button is distributed at firemen's conventions and much prized by recipients. Sent out with the compliments of The Pure Gum Specialty Co. ( Barberton, Ohio) is an exceedingly beautiful picture en- titled "Summer," from an original painting by Philip Boileau, one of the foremost of the younger American school of figure painters. The picture is well worth framing and preserving and is a type of advertising that appeals to all. = Suit has been filed against the Bourn Rubber Co. in the superior court at Providence, Rhode Island, by Hyman Kamros, a former employe, to recover S5000 for personal inju- ries alleged to have been due to the defective condition of an elevator in the company's factory. = William F. Mayo & Co. (Boston) made an extensive ex- hibit of the lines of rubber boots and shoes of which they are jobbers, at Minneapolis during the Minnesota state fair, Sep- tember 4 9, in charge of their northwestern representatives, I. R. Burwell and Charles Wiggin. = A meeting of the directors of the Maynard Rubber Cor- poration, jobbers in rubber goods at Springfield, Massachu- setts, and Hartford, Connecticut, was held in the latter city on September 5, the president, E. W. Maynard, in the chair. Noth- ing of special interest is reported, the meeting having been de- voted to going over the company's plans for the coming year. = Mr. Webster Norris, who has now become thoroughly adapted to life in a new region, as superintendent of the Re- public Rubber Co. (Youngstown, Ohio), spent his vacation this year at Ogunquit, Maine. On his return, at the middle of Sep- tember, he favored a number of his old friends in the industry, In the East, with a call. = Towner cS: Co. (Memphis, Tennessee), proprietors of the leading exclusively rubber house in the South, have secured the contract for supplying the rubber floor tiling and mats re- quired for the splendid new building of the Memphis Trust Co. = The Aladdin Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio), have decided upon another location than that reported in these pages last month. Building has been started near the plant of the Alden Rubber Co., at Barberton, and it is expected to be in operation by December i. The first building will be 111X54 feet, part three stories high. =The American Chicle Co.'s new factory at Toronto is about completed, the main building being 250 X 60 feet and three stories high, with an annex having a floor space of 7000 feet. J. W. Siddall, of Toronto, is the architect. = Incorporation papers were filed under the laws of New York, September 13, 1905, by the Standard Safety Air Cushion Co., of New York city, with Sioo,ooo capital, to manufacture air cushions for passenger and freight elevators. This involves no use of rubber, the cushions being made of steel plates. The list of incorporators is headed by John L. Baker, No. 31 Broad- way, New York. =The Neponset Rubber Co., incorporated in New Jersey in 1904 to make mechanical rubber goods at Hyde Park, Massa- chusetts, acquired the factory before used by the Boston Gos- samer Rubber Co., and about 3 acres of the land attached there- to, for $30,000. They paid $10,000, giving a mortgage for the remaining $20,000 to the Federal Trust Co. (Boston). The sheriff of Norfolk county, Mass., on August 26, sold certain materials in the factory, seized under attachment, and the fac- tory has been closed. 28 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1905. =The Indiana Rubber and Insulated Wire Co. (Jonesboro. Indiana ), have just completed a new addition to their buildings and have orders placed for additional machinery to cost about $20,000. This machinery is in the way of mills and a new cal- ender, as well as some extensive wire testing apparatus. = The Swinehart Clincher Tire and Rubber Co. (Akron- Ohio), have been installing a new steam engine, hydraulic press' mill, and tubing machines, with the effect of doubling their capacity. =The Stein Double Cushion Tire Co. (Akron, Ohio) have in progress two additions to their factory, which they hope to have completed and in use during this month. One addition, 70 X 40 feet, will be used for a machine shop, and the other, 40 X 20 feet, for a curing room. The new additions will prac- tically double the capacity of the factory. = It is understood that the shareholders of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. at the meeting re- ferred to in the last India Rubber World (page 422). after discussing the proposed substitution of new shares for the bonds now outstanding, failed to take any action in the matter. = The business established 30 years ago by Joseph Bachrach, in the manu- facture of rubber balloons and other novelties, in Brooklyn, New York, is now being carried on by his son Philip Bachrach, at No. 23 Judge street, where the concern has been located for 21 years. Philip Bachrach, in addition to conducting the factory, is active in Brooklyn political affairs. = The Cmcinnati Rubber Manufac- turing Co. have arranged for their Chi- cago representation, with offices at room 321 Rookery building, which will be in charge of Mr. J. E. Dickxon, who has been identified with the rubber trade in Chicago and the territory trib- utary thereto for a number of years. MR. APPLETON IN A CARTOON. The Boston Trai'tUr has a Cartoon- ist who daily brings before the people of the "Hub" well known business men by means of a very good sketch and a few suggestive touches that are descriptive of the business in which the subject of the sketch is engaged. The illustration shown is a very good por- trait of Mr. Francis H. Appleton and the kinds of rubber scrap that he holds in his hands point to the reclaiming business which he successfully runs. The artist has pictured him as being pretty well up in the air— perhaps prophetic of the near future, when prices of rubber scrap will soar so high that the trade can only reach them from the chimney tops. THE HARTFORD RUBBER WORKS CO. At a meeting of the directors at Hartford on September 20, the work of the general manager was divided between two offi- cials. William Seward, Jr., first vice president, who has been the general manager for some years, was made factory mana- ger, and J. D. Anderson, a vice president, was made commercial manager. Thomas Midgley, who has been in charge of the testing department, as consulting engineer, was added to the list of vice presidents. Charles B. Wittlesey, hitherto general correspondent, has been made chief clerk. MR. F. H. APPLETON ELECTRIC RUBBER MANUFACTURING CO. This company, incorporated in November, 1903, under New Jersey laws, with $1,000,000 capital authorized, has begun oper- ations at Rutherford, in that state, in the premises sometime occupied by the Hazleton Boiler Co. The new company is en- gaged in the manufacture of solid and pneumatic vehicle tires, one feature of which is a process designed to protect the rubber against oxidization. The company is also producing hard rub- ber battery jars. The officers are : James H. George, president; W. A. Jacobus, vice president ; W. J. Conkling, treasurer ; and Cnarles H. George, secretary. The factory superintendent is Henry A. Middleton, who has had a number of years experience in the rubber industry. PERSONAL MENTION. Mr Eliott M. Henderson, vice-president of the Manhat- tan Rubber Manufacturing Co. (New York), recently started on a tour of business and pleasure combined. The leading American newspapers have been supplied by the Associated Press with the following cable despatch : Liverpool, September 26. — Mr. E. M. Henderson, vice president of the Manhattan Rubber Manufacturing Co., of New York, one of the largest rubber concerns in the United States, is at present visiting this country to investigate the conditions and trend of the rubber trade here. Mr. Hen- derson, through the Institute of Tropical Research, has been introduced to Liverpool rubber merchants, and after a short stay in the city proposes to visit Manchester and London. Subsequently Mr. Henderson will extend his tour of commercial observation to the plantations of Ceylon, the Straits Settle- ments, East Africa, and possibly West Africa also, his principal object being to examine the methods of rubber cultivation and the different processes of coagulation. Mr. Hen- derson's tour, practically around the world, is a striking illustration of the way in which enterprising business men set to work, the aim in this case being to study the improve- ments introduced during recent years into the rubber growing industry in order that the company concerned may keep pace with the latest improvements in their own exten- sive plantations in Nicaragua. = Mr. Arthur W. Stedman, of the firm of George A. Alden & Co., has very few equals as a judge of fine horses. A sig- nificant evidence of this was his selection recently as one of the judges at a horse show at a county fair held at Windsor, Vermont, which he attended as the guest of Winston Chuich- ill, and a lew days later where he acted as judge at the fashion- able horse show of the Myopia Hunt Club, Hamilton, Mass. = President Colt, of the United States Rubber Co., and Pres- ident Ivins, of the General Rubber, have returned from Europe. = The somewhat lurid headline that appeared recently in the Philadelphia £7'if«/«;f Telegraph, wh\c\\ read: CHESTER PIKE A MENACE TO LIFE AND LIMB. does not refer to the gentleman of that name who has long been distinguished as one of the ablest of the rubber shoe salesmen. The reference is to the turnpike of the town of Chester, famil- iarly known as " the pike." October i, 1905.! THE INDIA RUBBER ^A/'ORLD 29 THE FABRIC FIRE HOSE CO.'S PLANT. TRADE CLASH OVER GOLF BALLS. THK factory of the Fabric Fire Hose Co., at Sandy Hook. Connecticut, on a tract of 100 acres on both sides of the Pootatuck river, is fortunately situated with regard both to the fitness of the location for its business and to the attractiveness of the surroundings. It is a historic site, for here were the be- ginnings of the New York Belting and Packing Co., who occu- pied these premises for many years before removing their fac- tories to New Jersey. Part of the premises also served as the original hard rubber factory of the late Conrad Poppenhusen, pioneer In that industry. Near the spacious factory buildings, with the daily capacity of 6000 feet of tire hose, are 28 well constructed dwelling houses owned by the company and occupied by the 100 employes at a nominal rental — the nucleus of an ideal industrial community, whose workers are well paid and well satisfied, and who are con- sequently absolutely loyal to the interests of the company. The specialty of the Fabric Fire Hose Co. is a wax and Para gum treated hose, the process, which is patented, consisting of saturating the yarn with melted wax and rubber, which treat- ment renders it impervious to rot and mildew. Another and very popular line manufactured by this company is its Under- ■A^^ 'OiM.-.'i^l writers' hose, an antiseptically treated product known as the " Keystone " brand, and made under the specifications of the National Board of Underwriters and Associated Factory Mutual Insurance Companies. In addition to this they make a garden hose of superior quality and which is in active request — in common with its other lines — as the entire output of the factory is absolutely guaranteed. An important feature of the factory is its completely equipped machine shop, in which virtually all of the looms in operation in the factory are made, as are all of the repairs. The entire plant is equipped with the most approved apparatus, from its automatic sprinkler system to its new Bowser naphtha tank, endorsed by the Associated Factory Mutual Insurance Com- panies. A new building to be devoted exclusively to tube man- ufacture is now in process of erection. This ideal plant, as well as the New York headquarters (No. 127 Duane street), are under the personal supervision of Mr. William T. Cole, general manager of the company, to whose genius for organization and untiring efTort may be ascribed not only the present model condition of the factory and property, but of its people as well. Improved looms and many other in- novations may be credited to the same source. Mr. Cole has a charming home at Sandy Hook, where he and his family spend the greater part of the year. [from THR new YORK " SUN," SEPTEMBER I 8.] ACL.\SH between certain makers of golf balls, too eager to use the open championship as a vehicle to advertise their products, and the United States Golf Association execu- tive committee, has been settled in the manner suggested by the committeemen. Six or eight weeks ago the professionals throughout the country received from one firm a circular stat- ing that the player winning the open championship with its ball would receive a bonus of $500, that whoever came second would get $250 and so on to an aggregate of $1000. Similar circulars were sent out by one or two other makers, offering cash inducements to the players to use their golf balls. The first prize in the open is $200 and a golf medal and the added money in all is $870; and unless this system of bonuses was nipped in the bud, there was apprehension among the commit- teemen that a rank evil would grow up to smother the impor- tance of the open championship as a genuine, fair and above board test of golfing skill. A sub-committee, headed by Ransom H. Thomas, the United States Golf Association president, took charge of the matter. While admittedly supreme in its power over the game and the players, this was the first movement on the part of the United States Golf As- sociation to interfere in any way with the methods of those who sell golf goods, aside from what has b-i n done incidentally in drawing a line between the amateur and the proles- ■^lonal, and alihough en- listed to fight to a finish il necessary, the commit- teemen did not begin with threats. If the concerns approached had chosen to wave the red flag of defi- ance none of the players would have been permitted to use the balls boomed in the ob- jectionable manner, but no such retaliatory policy has been brought up in the carrying on of the negotiations. Mr. Thomas opened up a correspondence with the diflerent hustlers in the golf ball trade, which led to personal interviews and promises that the circulars announcing bonuses would be forthwith cancelled. The makers have submitted and the cash premiums announced are now null and void. Mr. Thomas's declaration of independence was this: The offering by manufacturers of golf goods of cash prizes to be played for at the open championship of the United States Golf Associa- tion is, in the opinion of the executive committee, detrimental to the best interests of the game of golf and should be prohibited. The manufacturers have agreed to uphold the text and spirit of this ruling. Thev Might Laugh. — The Mexican rubber monopoly might do well to see Dr. Tutton and buy his discovery. But probably they will laugh at it until it proves too good a thing to sell. — Benton Harbor {Michigan) Palladium. An Unanswered Query. — The Cincinnati Enquirer prints the following inquiry without vouchsafing any reply: "Could you kindly inform an old subscriber how I could niake mate- rial same as rubber collars are made of.' " 30 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1905 THE TEXTILE GOODS MARKET. THE present condition of the cotton duck market is firmer than one month ago, with the tendency upward. The fact that the cotton plantersat their recent convention resolved to hold the price at 11 per pound would indicate that prices for manufactured goods would be higher than they were last season, though manufacturers of ducks have not as yet made any prices for next year. It is not improbable that the sched- ule will be prepared within the current month. There appears to be a persistent demand for ducks of every description and it is estimated by a competent authority that if demand increases proportionately next season the mills will probably be unable to meet it. The raw cotton situation is extremely strong, the speculators exerting every efifort to promote a strong " bull " movement and with considerable success. It the speculators are able to eflfect continued advances the spinners will be compelled to buy, which will naturally add strength to the situation. The following letter from the president of an important southern mill to their New York agents isa faithful and signifi- cant reflection of existing conditions : Owing to the advance in cotton and more than that to the very evi- dent tendency to market slowly on the part of producers of the staple, we are compelled to make an advance in the price of goods. We would much prefer to continue selling at same prices if we could secure cotton at a profitable price. We know the danger of curtailing the con- sumption of goods by high prices and regretfully make the advance. There can be no doubt of the disposition or ability of the farmers to hold cotton until they can get their own price and we expect a sharp ad- vance as soon as the slow marketing shall show up in the receipts. The demand for numbered ducks is so heavy and results so satisfactory that it will be likely to exert an effect during the coming season on hose and belting duck prices. The disposi- tion on the part of rubber trade buyers seems to be to avoid contracting for fabrics at existing quotations as long as present supplies or those covered by last season's contract agreements hold out. NEW CABLE TO CHINA AND JAPAN. A CERTIFICATE of increase of capital of the Commercial Pacific Cable Co., incorporated under the laws of New York state, from $12,000,000 to $15,000,000, was filed at Albany on September 1 5, together with an amendment to the certificate of incorporation providing that the line now extending from San Francisco, California, by way of Hawaii and Guam to Ma- nila, may be extended from the latter point to Shanghai, China. Another extension is to be made from Guam to Yokohama. Japan. These extensions will have the effect of completing the original plans of the company, which it has been impossible to carry out hitherto owing to certain obstacles in the way of se- curing landing rights on the Asiatic mainland which have now been removed as a result of recent diplomatic negotiations. The consent of China to a landing at Shanghai was obtained several weeks ago, and the signature of the Japanese minister to the United States to an agreement with the cable company was made on September 13. The company will now proceed promptly with the manufacture and laying of the two new cables, which will require several months. The company's system will then pierce the Far East at three points : the Phil- ippines, China, and Japan. With the new cable from Canso, Nova Scotia, to Port au Basques, Newfoundland, which was opened for business on September 11, and the fifth transatlantic cable, which was laid during the month, the Commercial sys- tem will extend over more than two- thirds of the way around the globe. The London correspondent of The Times of Ceylon writes: ■' Talking to thedirector of a Straits rubber company this week, he mentioned that on their property 100 coolies a day were hard at work tapping and bringing in 12 ounces a day. The yield per tree (the trees being from six to seven years old) was some 6 ounces from the one tapping, and the manager estimated that the yield per tree for the year would be \)i pounds of rubber per tree operated upon. The first consignment sold last week at ds. jd [ = $i soy'i]. " REVIEW OF THE CRUDE RUBBER MARKET. THERE is practically no change to report in rubber market conditions since our last publication. Prices are higher for every grade quoted in these pages, but the figures given in this issue merely record a recovery from the decline which began about four months ago, covering the period of lessened activity in the industry during the heated term. The highest figures we have quoted for fine Islands Pard have been 132 @ 133, and the same grade is now 127 @ 128. Considering the apparent activity of the factories in every branch of the industry, and the extent of stocks, together with the fact that it is yet too early for a large output from the Ama- zon for the current crop season, there is little to encourage the hope of lower priced rubber during the current year. At the Antwerp sale on September 19, the 260 tons oflfered found ready buyers at a somewhat higher average than at the preceding sale. The August sale, it will be remembered, cov- ered exceptionally large offerings tor that market, and at higher prices than the brokers' estimation. The fact that at the next succeeding sale prices should show a still further advance is significant of the general situation in the rubber market — firm- ness and an upward tendency. Arrivals at Pari thus far for the crop season have been some- what larger than during the same months in preceding years, but not enough larger to suggest any probability of lower prices in consequence. The figures follow : 1902. 1903. 1904- 1905. July Ions 1290 1280 1250 1450 August 1370 1230 1260 13CO September 1670 2010 1780 31850 Total 4330 4520 42go 4600 \a — To September 28. J On another page appear details regarding the plantation rub- ber from the Far East oflered at the London auctions during September. The rubber referred to appears to have become permanently established in the London markets and the amount coming forward may be expected to increase steadily with each year as more trees under cultivation come into bearing. Following is a statement of prices of Pard grades, one year ago, one month ago, and on September 29— the current date : PARA. October I, '04. September I '05. September 29. Islands, fine, new io8@i09 I25@I26 127(8128 Islands, fine, old none here none here none here Upriver, fine, new iio@ii2 I28@I29 129(2130 Upriver, fine, old 112(0)114 131(3132 132(5)133 October i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 81 Islands, coarse, new 6o@ 62 7o@ 7' 7>@ 72 Islands, coarse, old none here none here none here Upriver, coarse, new 86@ 87 gol^ gi q2@ g3 Uprlver, coarse, old none here none here none here Caucho (Peruvian) sheet 67(868 7'® 72 730 74 Caucho (Peruvian) ball 76® 77 84(2)85 85(3 86 African sorts at New York show an advance, almost without exception : AFRICAN. Sierra I.eone.istquality ioi(iiro2 Massai. red ioi(a)io2 Benguella 8o@ Si Cameroon ball 69® 70 Accra fl.ike 26(3 27 Lopori ball, prime. .. . 108(8109 Lopori strip, prime ... 9i@ 92 Madagascar, pinky.. . . gi(^ 92 Ikelemba 109(3110 CENTRALS. Esmeralda, sausage. . .84 (§185 Guayaquil, strip 73 (374 Nicaragua, scrap .. . .83 @E4 Panama, slab 67 (368 Mexican, scrap 83 ©84 Mexican, slab 60 @62 Mangabeira. sheet. .. .72 (S73 EAST INDIAN. Assam 97 @98 Borneo 43 @44 Late Para cables quote : Per Kilo. Pet Kilo. Islands, fine 5$400 Upriver. fine 6I400 Islands, coarse 2$6oo Upriver, coarse 4$30o Exchange, ty-j'^J. Last Manaos advices : Upriver, fine 6I300 Upriver, coarse 3$8oo Exchange, l7j'o''- NEW YORK RUBBER PRICES FOR AUGUST (NEW RUBBER). 1905. 1904. 1903. Upriver, fine i.27@i 2g I.i8(3i.2i 95 (giioo Upriver, coarse go® 92 go® gi 75 @ 79 Islands, fine 1.25(3)1.27 i I4@i.l6 go @ g7 Islands, coarse bS(d 70 b5(3 67 5g ® 61 Cameta 7i@ 73 65(0) 66 58 (3 61 Staiistics of Para l^ubber {Excluding Caucho) . In regard to the financial situation, Albert B. Beers (broker in India-rubber, No. 68 William street, New York) advises us as follows ; " Since August the condition of the money market has changed materially, and the demand for paper has been much lighter during September than for several inonths past, and rates have been strong at 5 per cent, for the best rubber names, and 5>^ @ 6'^ per cent, for those not so well known." Anttverp. RUBBER ARRIVALS AT ANTWERP, August 29. — By the LeopoldvilU, {xoxA the Congo : Bunge & Co (Societe Generale Africaine) kilos. 82.000 Do (Chemins de fer Grand Lacs) 6.000 Do (Societe A B 1 R) 40,000 Socieii Coloniale Anversoise.(Belge du Haut Congo) 1,500 Do (Sud Kamerun) 2,000 Do 1,000 Societe Equatoriale Congolaise... (Societe I'lkelemba) 2,000 Cie Commerciale des Colonies (I,a Haut Sangha) 2,000 Charles Dethier. (Societe I.a " M'Poko") 1.500 Coinptoir des ProduitsColoniaux (Ikela-Kadci Sangha) 20,000 Do (Societe "N'Goko " Sangha) 2,000 M. S. Cols (Soci^it I'lkelemba) 1,000 Societe Generale de Commerce (Alimaienne) 4,700 Do (Societe La Lobay) 10,000 L. & W Van de Velde (Cie. du Kasai) 45.000 Do 1,600 222,300 Canada. Imports (in value) of crude India-rubber and Gutta percha, reclaimed rubber, and substitutes for fiscal years ended June 30 : NEW YORK. Kinc and Medium. Stocks. July 31 Ions Arrivals, August Aggregating.. Deliveries, August. 2g2 223 5'5 284 Coarte. 125 = 222 = Toul Total ■905. 1904. 417 137 445 478 347 = 262 = 862 546 Stocks, August 31 23 1 85 = 316 parA. 1905. 1904. 1903. Stocks. July 31 tons 240 175 115 Arrivals. August 1230 loio 1050 615 549 66 lot.l ■903. 367 942 i3og 1085 224 From — Great Britain United States . . . 1902-03. .... $ 7,119 .. 1,816,682 1903.04. $ 4,496 2,508,939 gig $2,514,354 1904-05. ♦ 26,37g 2,701,832 Other countries . . . Totals 904 ... $1,824,705 332 $2,728,543 Rubber Receipts at Manaos. During August and two months of the crop season for three years [courtesy of Messrs, Scholz & Co.]: ENGLAND. 1905. 19&4. 1903. 390 585 1320 6go 595 330 From — ':^"o Rio Funis — Acre tons 431 Rio Madeira 251 Rio Jurua 57 Rio Javary — Iquitos. ... 30 Rio Solimues g3 Rio Negro I August. ;. 1904- 361 330 Aggregatine 1470 I1S5 I165 Deliveries, August. .. 1195 870 1030 1080 700 1180 745 Stocks, August ;i 275 315 135 380 435 1650 675 975 Total. .. Caucho. 863 98 188 6 885 79 1903. 294 240 100 15 3 652 47 July-August. 1905. J904, 1903 506 479 25 213 10 656 470 94 120 104 5 457 492 2 114 25 15 1449 1233 1105 186 178 208 '90s. World's visible s pply, August 31 tons 1534 Pari receipts, J uly I to August 31 2480 Para receipts of Caucho. s-me dates 220 Afloat from Para to United States, August 31 87 Afloat from Para to Europe, August 31 476 1904. 1281 lOIO 230 166 241 1903. 2088 1050 230 394 360 Rubber Scrap Prices. New York quotations — prices paid by consumers for carload lots, in cents per pound — show a general increase over last month's figures, as follows : Old Rubber Boots and Shoes — Domestic. 7l4 TH Do —Foreign (>U ® (>}i Pneumatic Bicycle Tires S'A @ 5'A Solid Rubber Wagon and Carriage Tires 7J^ @ 7*^ White Trimmed Rubber 8)^(3 85^ Heavy Black Rubber 4% @ 5 Air Brake Hose 'i% ® ihi Fire and Large Hose 25^ @ 2j^ Garden Hose 2\4 @ lyi Matting i @ l>i Total 961 964 699 1635 1411 1313 i 3/1 1 Negroheads, scrappy. . 3/ioi/ 3/10 @3/n 3/2 Do Cameta.3/ i ©3/ l}i 2/ 8|^@2/ioJ^ 2/ 6'X@2/ b% Bolivian 5/ 6>^@5/ 7 5/ @5/ 2^ 4/ 2K@4/ 3H Caucho, ball 3/ 6}^@3/ ^'A 3/ 5 @3/ 6 3/ o}i®3/ 3 Do slab 3/ @3/ I i/ii @2/iot^ 2/ 7 @2/ 7"^ Do tails 3/1 @3 /3}i *zh "2/9 [* Nominal value.] AUCTION SALES REPORT. September 15. — The market for Pata has remained very quiet, with small sales at about \d. decline. Fine hard on the spot and near sold at 5^. 7./.; November- December delivery at ^s 50' ; soft fine scarce near at hand sold at 5J. 6?^(/. Negroheads in fair demand ; Maiiaos scrappy sold at 3^. \\d. % is. i\%(i.\ Cameta 3i. ii}.>J , and Islands at 2s. TyiJ. Bolivian firmly held for 5^. 81/. Mollendo quiet at ^s. bj. near- est value. Peruvian quiet and litile business doing ; fine sj. ii/. , scrappy ■is. <)J., and slab 3J. iJ. Medium grades in auction to-day in moderate supply, and in good demand at generally dearer rates. Orinoic: 127 packages sold ; fine at Ss. b'/id \ eiitrtfine 5^. 4)d. Elston I case. Fine biscuits Bo ught in Culloden 5 cases. Fine pale biscuits. 6x. 4d. Culloden I case. Scrap nuggets. S-t. iVzd Culloden 4 cases. Pale scrap. •^s. bd. Culloden I case. Dark. ^s. bd. Ellakande 2 cases. Fine biscuits. bs. 2Md. Ingoya T cases. Fine pale biscuits. bs. 2d. j I bag Scrap. A^- qd 2 cases. Small pale biscuits. 6f. 3y2d 3lisgs. Biscuits and scrap. is id. { g cases. Fair biscuits. Boughi in 5 cases. Fair biscuits. Bought in STRAITS. P R 3 cases. Fine sheets. bs. 3%'/. S B 1 case. Scrap. 5^- oYzd _ 1^ fa rases. Very fine biscu is. bs. 4d. SBC ; I case. Good scrap pale. V. 2d. I bag. Serap biscuits. 4J. Id. P R S B 5 cases. Fine large sheets. bs. Ad. D & Co 3 cases. Scrap. s-i- 2%d V R & Co L ( g cases. Mixed biscuits. bs 2d Klang -' I case. Dark scrap. is. ^d. F W Q 1 2 cases. Fair scrap. Ss. AVzd J A I case. Fine biscuits. bs. 2d. 7 cases. Fair biscuits. bs. id. 4 cases. Dark scrap heated. V. AVzd. 8 R R Co. I bag. Cut pieces. 5s. ^■%d. I case. Futts black. 4S. 3%.d- 2 cases. Fiz-tts red. Bought in ^ 2 cises. Sheets and biscuits. Bought in Tjiderock g cases. Tjiderock 1 case. JAVA. Fine black sheets, heated. 4J. \d. Very badly heated. \s. yd, LEWIS & PEAT. [Note.— In cases where marks involve symbols in addition to initials, no at- tempt has been made above to reproduce them.] Liverpool. William Wright & Co. report [September i]: Fine Para. — Demand on spot has been dull, with only slight fluctua- tions ; closing value 5.1. yd., with not much inquiry (or Upriver. There is a good demand for Islands and little offering; buyers at ^s. bd., sellers 5.;. b',id. There has been a good demand for delivery, but in the present statistical position sellers are chary of offering, especially for distant. To-day's values are September, 5J. b'^id , September-October, 5J. 6|^H) II. B. Clallln&Co l.OdO 4.60" Sk.pt. 13.— By the Colderon=Bahia: H I rsch & Kaiser 66,000 American Coommerclal Co 25,000 90,000 Skpt. 16.— By the £speran2a= Mexico: Tbebaud Brothers 1.500 E. Stelger* Co I.IOO Harbnrger & Stack 1,300 H. Mar(|uardt& Co 700 E. N.Tibbals Co .500 .5.100 Sept. 10.- By the /Ye«oria=Haml)urg: General Rubber Co 20,000 Sept. 18.— By the .4([ianca=Colon : Piza, Nephews & Co .3.500 Mann & F.indon 3,000 E.B. Strout 1,500 8,000 Sept. 18.— By the AUal=Costa. Rca: A.A.Lindo&Co 1,000 H. B. ClallluA Co 1,200 Kunbardt&Co BOO 2,700 Sept. 18— By the Gero=Colon: G. Amslnck&Co 20 000 HIrzel, Feltman & Co 18,500 Kggers* Helnleln 600 39,000 Sept, 19.— By the renni/8on=Bahla: J. H. Rossbach & Bros 43,000 HIrsch & Kaiser 16,000 American CommercialCo 4.000 Lawrence Johnson* Co L.'iOO A. 1). Hitch &C0 1,500 66.000 Sept. 19.— By the Rio Orande=Mob\le: A. T. Morse & Co 9..-1OO European Option 20,000 2fl,.")urain«= Havre: George A. Alden & Co 22.600 General Rubber Co . 11,000 39,600 Aug. 28— By the 0(;e(jT»ic= Liverpool: A. T. Morse & Co 17.000 Poel & Arnold 14.000 Wallace L. Goueh 5.(00 Robinson & Tallman 3.600 33.5(X) Ai'O. 30.-By the /}i8mnrcfc=Hambnrg: Poel £ Arnold 4,500 George A. Alden & Co 2,500 7,000 Sept. I. By the Panin«H(ar= Lisbon: General Rubber Co 82,000 Sept. 5 —By the CeBfc=^ Liverpool: PoelA Arnold 15,000 Sept. fi.— By the Fadc»Iand= Antwerp: Poel & Arnold 90,000 A.T. Morse&Co 76.000 Rubber Trading Co 20,000 185,000 Sept. .5.— By the Bruc/ier= Hamburg: ■ Robinson& Tallman 10.000 Skit. ".-By the .l/.000 OeiieralKubberCo 30.000 A.T. Morse* Co 11,500 VVlDdmuller ^
  • % Sept. 2.— By the New ro)h=London: Wallace L. Gough I i.ooo a VTTA-PEltCHA- Omtimml. Sept. 5. -By the /J(uc/i«r= Hamburg : ToOrder 11.500 Sept. 8— By the Montrose ^Singapore: Winter & Smillie SO.ooo Skpt. 15. -By the JVordpol=8lngapore: Poel & Arnold 3,600 Sept. 21.— By the Graf Jra(d«rs««=Hamhurg: ToOrder so.OOo Skit. 25.— By lhe.S<. Pau!=London. Wallace L. (lough 11.500 BAI.ATA. Au<: 26.— By the Cc«r»c=Llverpool: Henry A. Gould Co 10,000 Earle Brothers 2,000 12,000 Aic.SO — By the froro?ia=Demerara: Charles P. Shllstone 6,000 (Jtto Heinze 4,60o 9,t00 Sept. 13 —By the Gcoraic=Ll¥erpool: Wiiidmuller & Roelker 13.000 Earle Brollieis 2,600 Uenry A. (Jiiukl Co 2.500 18.000 Skpt. 22.— By the f'onta6e(le=Demerara: Charles P. Shllstone 9.000 CUSTOM HOUSE STATISTICS. PORT OK NEW VORK^AUGUST. Imports: pounds. value. India-rubber 1,201.888 Ji,69i,034 Gutta-percha 42,361 12,723 Gutta-Jelutoug(Pontiauak) .. 1,593.969 51.494 Total 2,841,218 $1,665,261 Export) : India-rubber 94.310 $87.fi64 Reclaimed rubber 323,:i56 38,702 RubberScrap Imported 1,809313 »108,660 OFFICIAL STATISTICS OF CRUDE INDIA-RUBBER (in Pounds) UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN. HOHTHI. IMFOKTS. BXPOXTS. NBT IMPORTS. HOHTHI. IHPOKTS. 1 EXPORTS. NET IMPORTS' 2,547.685 39,834,796 260,506 1,574,030 2.287.179 38,260,766 4,841,088 i 2,413,040 32,678,688 1 18,032.680 2,428.048 I4. 646. ool Seven months, 1905 Seven months. looj 42.382,481 37.689.032 35.539.720 1,834,536 1,979,724 1.751.513 40.547,945 35,709,308 33.788,207 37,519.776 34,992,048 32,200 112 20,445,720 19.453.286 23.013.872 17,074,056 15,538,762 Q,t86,240 Seven months, 1904 Seven months, 1903 Seven months, 1903 GERMANY. ITALY. MOHTHS. IMPORTS. EXPORTS. NET IMPORTS. HOHTHS. IHPORTS. EXPORTS. NET IMPORTS. July. 1905 January- June 3,448.940 22,835.120 1,091,860 7,363,840 2.357.080 15,471,280 July, 1905 99.660 854,700 29.040 118,580 70,620 736,120 January-June Seven months, 1905 Seven months, 1904 Seven months, 1903 Seven months, 190S Seven months, 1904 Seven months. 1903 26,284,060 20.281,680 21,163,560 8,455,700 5,848.700 7,211.160 17,828,360 14,972,980 13,952.400 954.360 901,120 1,021.240 147,620 73.480 100.760 806,740 827.640 920,480 FRANCE.* AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. MONTHS. IMPORTS. EXPORTS. NET IMPORTS. months. IMPORTS. EXPORTS. NET IMPORTS. 1,876,820 14.586,000 1.554.300 7,923.520 322,520 6,662,480 July, 1905 :. 272.580 1,570,360 5,060 16,280 267,520 1,554.080 January-June Seven months, 1905 Seven months. 1904 Seven months, 1903 Seven months. 1905 Seven months, 1904 Seven months, 1 903 16,462,820 12.802.680 9,651.840 9,477,820 7,388,260 5,300,020 6.985,000 5,414,420 4.351.720 1,842,940 1,757.140 1,723,480 21.340 14,740 16,720 1,82 [,600 1.742.400 1,706,760 BELGIUM. MONTHS. IMPORTS. EXPORTS, NET IMPORTS. Note. — German statistics include Gutta-percha, Balata, July, 1905 January-June 8,849,086 6,623,102 2,225,984 old rubber, and substitutes, French. Austrian, and Italian figures include Guttapercha. The exports from the United States embrace the supplies for Canadian cousumption. * General Commerce. t Special Commerce. Seven months, 1 905 Seven months, 1904 Seven months, 1903 6,031.542 5,379,251 S. 154,098 3,908,302 877.444 1.470.949 i October i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD LI HIGH GRADE RUBBER GOODS BELTING PACKINGS VALVES VALVE SHEET TUBING and GASKETS (MADE IN CANADA) RUBBER HOSE -FOR- WATER SUCTION STEAM AIR Fire Protection ACIDS BREWERS Pneumatic Tools SATISFACTORY \ .. IN .. > SERVICE ) Sole Manufacturers of the celebrated "MALTESE CROSS" and "LION" Brands Rubbers. The best fitting, best wearing and most stylish rubber footwear on the market. ESPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO EXPORT ORDERS= H. D. WARREN, President and Treasurer. C. N. CANDEE, Secretary. Mention TIte India Rubber World when you uirite. The Gutta Percha & Rubber Mfg. Go. of Toronto, Ltd. Head Offices— 47 Yonge Street. TORONTO, CANADA. = = THE = = GRANBY RUBBER CO. RUBBER BOOTS, SHOES, AND CLOTHING. S. H. C. MINER, President, J. H. McKECHME, Qen'l Hgr. Factories: GRANBY, QUEBEC. Mention 7*he India Rubber World when you \ Journal d'Agriculture Tropicale, AGRICULTURAL, SCIENTIFIC, COnHERCIAL. PUBLISHED BY J. VILBOUCHEVITCH, 10, Rue Delambre, Paris, (France.) Subscription : One Year, = 20 Francs. The Journal of Tropical Agriculture deals with all branches of tropical cultivation, giving prominence to the planting of Caoutchouc and the scientilic study of Caoutchouc species. The Journal is international in character, and is planned especially to interest readers in all lands where the French language is spoken or read. Mention The India Rubber World wtien you write. R Coffee Lv UBBER AND COFFEE LANDS. ' I 'HE Mexican Land and Colonization Company owns several hundred thousand acres of land suitable for Rubber and Coffee in the State of Chiapas, Mexico. The majority of the coffee plantations in Soconusco now pro- ducing largely were originally purchased from this Company also La Zacualpa and other rubber plantations. For further particulars apply to O. H. HARRISON, Spreckels Annex, 713 Harket Street, SAN FRANCISCO, afentxm the inata uuooer Wmria ««mw vw ww II THE INDIA RUBBER ^VORLD [November i, 1905. ESTABLISHED 1854. Floor Area of Factories and Warehouse, 21 Acres. The Largest Rubber Factory In Canada, and one of the Largest in the World. TRADE MARK THE CANADIAN RUBBER COMPANY OF MONTREAL Limited MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF High Grade Mechanical Rubber Goods AND SOLE MAKERS OF THE ^^l^kE^l^** CANADIAN" Rubbers. SHOE output: 15,000 PAIRS DAILY. Belting, Hose, Packing, Rubber Tires, Both Solid and Pneumatic, Li^ht Mechanical and Moulded Rubber Goods, For Automobiles, Carriages and Bicycles, Druggists' Sundries, Carriage Cloth, Clothing and Proofing. Sporting and Stationers' Goods, Plumbers' Goods, Patent Tiling, Horse Shoe Pads, Rubber Heels. Everything in Rubber Specialties. FIRE HOSE AND FIRE DEPARTMENT SUPPLIES. Sole Agents in Canada for The Fabric Fire Hose Co., N. Y. Factory and Executive Offices: MONTREAL, QUEBEC. We are always open to correspond with experienced Robber men, both for Factory and Executive Work. Sales Branches: HALIFAX, N. S., MONTREAL, Que., TORONTO. Ont., WINNIPEG, Man., VANCOUVER, B. C. D. LORNE McQIBBON, Qen'l Hgr. Afention The India Rubber World wtien you write. Inventions kindred to the Trade and ideas for development in- vited. Our Development De- partment gives these matters special attention. November i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 35 DRAWBACKS TO THE RUBBER TRADE. Fablished on the Ist of eaoh Month b; THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING CO. No. 150 NASSAU ST.. NEW YOEK. HENRY C. PEARSON, EDITOR. HAWTHORNE HILL, ASSOCIATE. Vol. 33. NOVEMBER 1, 1905. No. 2. 8UBBOKIPTION8 : tS.OO per year, tl.7S (or six nioutli!), postpaid, furtbe United States and Canada. Foreign countries, same price. Special Kates for Clubs of five, ten or more subscribers. ^DVERTiBiNo: Kates will be made kiiown on application. Rbmittanckh: Should alwujs be made by bank draft. Post OIBce Order' or Express Money orders on New York, payable toTiiK India Kubbek Publishing CoMi'A.vv. Kemlttances for foreign subscriptions sbould be sent by International Post order, payable as above. COPYRIGHT, 190$, BY THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING CO. Entered at New York Post Office as mall matter of tbe second-class. TABLfc OF CONrtNIS. PAGE. ■dltorlftl: Drawbacks to tbe Rubber Trade 3."i Minor Editorials .3(i Literature of India-Rubber 38 Obituary -General William H. Skirm 38 The India-Rubber Trade in Great Britain. Our lUuular Correspondent 39 [Travel Notes— To Budapest. Recovery of Vulcanized Rubber. Treat- ment of Pontianak. Vulcanizing With Chloride of Sulphur. Extend- ed Use of Rubber Hose. The Newspapers and India-Rubber. Trade News Notes ] Cleaning Buildings by Sand Blast — Frank L. Blanchard 41 Women s Work in Rubber Factories 42 Caucho and " Castilloa Ulei '' Warburg Dr. Werntr Each 43 Crude Balala Dutiable 44 Rubber Cargo Lost on the Amazon 45 The So-Called " Colorado " Rubber . 46 Progress of Rubber Planting 47 [Notes from Ceylon and the Malay States. Straits Settlements. Horreo. Mexico. Soutli America. [ Amazon '■ Para" Kubber and its Contents. 49 Yield of Planted ' Para " Kiibber 50 Planting Money Instead of Rubber 50 Eecfint Rubber Patents 51 [United States. Great Britain. France.] New Goods and Specialties in Rubber 53 [The Coile liath Tub. Dr. TuUar's French Douche. Peerless Rubber Wainscoting. Stearns's Puncture Resisting Tire. New Automobile Ap- parel. A New Style m Fountain Syiinges. " Peerless '• Sponge Land- ing Pad. '* Hemisphere " Cuspidor Mats.] [With II Illustrations.] Rubber Interests in Europe 55 [\ Swiss Factory. Gutta Gentsch in England. Fire at Harburg. Notes.] (With I Illustration ] The Textile Goods Market 63 New Trade Publications . . . 63 Uiscellaneous ; Contjoconsul to tbe United States 37 Insurance of Ocean Cable 37 Tire Kepalrlng in Akron . 37 Weaving Curved Elastic Fabrics 37 Can You Predict Knbber Weather ? F.R.tf'at 37 "Tainted Money " for Rubber Boots 37 Guita-Percha from the Philippines 38 The ^ewest Atlantic Cable .. 44 Tht> Colorado Rubber Game 46 Rubber ."Stoppers and Appendicitis ...... S. P. Snarjilex 46 Rubber for Cliannel Cements 46 Progress In Colombia 54 The •• New Era" steam Irap. (lUuKlratea) 66 Automatic Wrapping Machines. i'Uustrattd) 66 A Rubber Polo Bal' 66 A Matter Worth Looking Into 63 Candy Barred from a Kiibbfr Mill 63 India-rubber Goods In Commerce 63 Vaccuum Drying of Rubier I /(/inflated) 64 News of the American Rubber Trade 57 [With I Illustration.] The Akron Rubber Trade ra Review of the Crude Rubber Market 64 I N another column is reported the loss on the Amazon, •*• a few hours above i'ara, of a steamer carrying 2iotons of rubber, worth locally perhaps near $400,000. Such oc- currences are not frequent, though within a year the Ama- zon Steam Navigation Co. have lost on the Pun'is two Steamers worth $130,000. But they are liable to occur at any time, for navigation on the Amazon and its chief branches is not all plain sailing. The most recent disaster was due to a collision, at a point where the Amazon is a sea rather than a river, between two steamers which had been hid from each other's view while rounding an island. Some of the rivers are badly obstructed by cataracts — notably the Madeira, on which it has been asserted that one-fourth of the rubber sent down from Bolivia is sunk and lost. .\nother piece of news from the .Vmazon relates to serious damage by storm to a government boat between .Manaos and Par;i, after which, and apart from the effects of the storm, the boat ran aground and required assistance, for which payment had to be made. This boat, by the way, was following a merchant steamer with a cargo of rubber of disputed origin, payment of export duties on it being claimed both by Amazonas state and the Federal adminis- tration in the Acre. These matters we refer to as illustrating the drawbacks to the trade in crude rubber which exist in addition to the remoteness from commercial centers of the rubber forests and the natural conditions which accentuate the labor problem. After the rubber is harvested, there are serious risks in transportation, while the attention which the tax collectors give to the business does not tend to encourage enterprise. Nor is the list of drawbacks exhausted. The treacher- ous nature of the river bed still renders the Amazon cable line useless for much of the time, so that the interior rub- ber centers often are cut off from communication to an ex- tent which seriously handicaps trade. It may be added that a glance at the recent extensive report, by the learned director of the Para Museum, on the 14 species of Amazo- nian mosquitoes — including the yellow fever disseminat- ing kind — all pictured in colors and in heroic size, would suggest to some minds a serious drawback to rubber gath- ering where such pests abound. There are continually brought to our notice opportuni- ties for the investment of capital in rubber estates — devel- oped or otherwise — in the Amazon valley, and on paper some appear very attractive. Gather so much rubber at one price and sell it another (and higher) price, and one cannot fail to grow rich. But none of the prospectuses takes into account such drawbacks as are referred to con- stantly in our pages, not from motives of discouragement, but simply as a result of the ordinary work of newsgather- ing, which is our province. The fact that in spite of all these difficulties so much forest rubber is produced proves how necessary rubber has become to the world ; if the cost were twice as great, rubber would still be demanded. AVithout doubt the ex- 36 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1905. ploitation of Amazon rubber yields profits to the people concerned in it, else the supply would cease. No doubt, also, many operators and investors suffer losses, just as is true in gold mining. And these losses are most apt to fall upon people who live abroad, or who have not become familiar with the business as a result of costly experience. Hence it is not strange that rubber concessions find so few ready buyers. Many drawbacks to the rubber business ought in time to be overcome. To tell the truth, the Amazon valley is prob- ably not less fitted now for the residence of Europeans than was the Mississippi valley 300 years ago, considering the advance science has made in sanitation, in engineer- ing, and in other lines. All South America will be thickly populated in time. But this is no encouragement to the buying of wilderness rubber farms to-day, too remoteforthe investors to keep in touch with them, and under the jurisdic- tion of governments ineffective in the matter of protection, indisposed to give aliens fair treatment, and concerned about rubber only in ta.xing the traffic oppressively instead of adopting a policy of assisting its present and future de- velopment. It is this same governmental policy, that, as much as anything else, promises to lose to Amazonia its preeminence as a source of the world's supply of rubber. Ceylon plantation rubber has begun to appear at the Antwerp auctions. But nowadays rubber from every source figures in the important sales there. What is of much more consequence is the recent formation of a large company by Belgian capitalists to acquire several productive plantations of " Pard " rubber in the Malay States. This action we suspect to be the result of an exhaustive study made during the past two years by a member of a large Antwerp firm who have been an important factor in the crude rubber market there from its in- ception. Recognizing the imminence of a decline in produc- tion of rubber on the Belgian-owned concessions in Africa, an expedition was organized to study the conditions, present and prospective, of rubber production in every country, in order to determine the most promising field for the investment of a part of the capital which now yields less returns in the Congo than formerly. The conclusions reached were that the world's hope for, rubber supplies lies ultimately in planting, and that, for the present at least, the Far East offers the best field for in- vestments in rubber culture by Belgians. The new company mentioned in our news columns this month is the first result. We have heard people express surprise that the India- rubber trade afforded enough " news " to call for the regular publication of a journal devoted to that interest alone. We do not recall any month, however, when something really new in connection with the rubber business has not transpired, and it has been our pleasure as well as privilege to aid in giving the information currency in the trade. For example, we believe that this issue of The India Rubber World is the first jour- nal to report the discovery that Balata is not mentioned in the United States tariff schedules, and that the customs powers that be have decided that, in default of provision to the contrary, im- ports of Balata henceforth are dutiable. Ii may also be " news " to the trade^that there is a collector of customs at Norfolk, Vir- ginia, though it was through the close scrutiny of this alert functionary that the discovery regarding Balata was made. What previous record of merit the Norfolk collector may have to his credit we cannot say, but it appears that, on having to deal for the first time with Balata he tried to swell the national treasury reserve by an impost upon it, and his superiors will stand by him. It may be that the latest decision in the matter will yet be upset; but the Norfolk collector, having had a chance to be heard from, has not been caught napping. The great development of automobillsm, and the re- lated demand for tires, many of them costly, without doubt has been the basis of the greatest growth of the rubber industry in recent years. There has been nothing comparable to this growth in any former period. And it may not have occurred to everybody in the trade that France, the home of the automo- bile and of the pneumatic motor tire, no longer leads in the use of such vehicles. In New York state alone the number of reg- istered automobiles at last accounts exceeded by some 3000 the number of registered motors in France, and two other American states together show as many registrations as New York. And there is no one of the other forty-two states without automo- biles, though the lack of registration laws in many states ren- ders impossible an estimate of their number. It is no wonder, then, that the American market for tires is coming to be re- garded with interest by makers everywhere. As for the rubber factories, they have further encouragement in the growth of the use of rubber tired commercial motors, already a good second to the automobile, and destined possibly to exceed it in the demand for rubber involved. The Vanderbilt cup race on October 14, just outside of New York, did not result in an American victory, but that, of course, was not the object. The contest did, however, stimulate greatly the American interest in automobiling, by bringing about a closer competition with foreigners, and giv- ing both makers and users of automobiles on this side of the Atlantic a better idea of what is needed to put them abreast of the most advanced progress made in Europe. The fact that the cup goes to France is all the better, provided it should next be contested for in that country, by reason of the educational efllect upon the Americans who will go over to attempt to reclaim the trophy. We feel that, on the whole, America has no cause to be ashamed of the showing made by the machines entered by home makers or by the work of the contestants in the race, while the showing made by the American tires was most creditable — and it is this feature of the whole business which most concerns the rubber industry. The arrivals at Antwerp of rubber from the Congo Free State for the first nine months of the current year were smaller by 28 per cent, than in the same months of 1901, since which year the Congo rubber output has declined steadily. The best days of the Congo rubber trade probably have been passed, and the days of fabulous profits of the trading companies holding concessions in the Free State. The future of the State and the condition of the natives do not appeal strongly to the interest of the outside world, but where the rubber is to come from to replace the supply from the Congo when that is exhausted is a question of direct or indirect interest to all workers in or users of rubber. Alaska appears destined to become of great importance to American commerce. It is only a straw which points the di- rection of the wind, but it may be worth mentioning that the shipment of American rubber footwear to that territory during the last fiscal year amounted in value to $166,644, or more than 2.3 per cent, on the $7,200,000 which the United States paid to Russia for Alaska. November i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 37 CONGO CONSUL TO THE UNITED STATES. THE appointment of Mr. James Gustavus Whiteley, of Bal- timore, Maryland, by the king of the Belgians as consul of the Congo Free State in the United States was reported in The India Rubber World, October i, 1904 (page 21). Ouite recently Mr. Whiteley has been raised to the rank of consul general, in recognition of services to the Congo state. He will now have charge of Congo interests throughout the United States, besides which this appointment makes him dean of the consular corps resident at Baltimore. Mr. Whiteley sailed on October 10 (or Brussels on official business. Mr. Whiteley is a widely known writer on legal and economic topics and has rep- resented the United Stales in several international congresses. Among other important bodies to which he belongs is the In- stitute of International Law, the membership of which includes Baron Kaneka, who lately visited the United States as an agent of the mikado of Japan, and Dr. Frederic de Martens, who acted in behalf of Russia in drafting the treaty of peace at Ports- mouth. INSURANCE OF OCEAN CABLES. THE submarine cable despatched from London to the Mexican Telegraph Co., and arriving at Galveston, Texas, by the steamer Faraday in June [See The India Rubber World, July i, 1905, page 349], measured 900 nauti- cal miles and was insured in London on a valuation of ;^ioo,ooo [=$486,650]. In accordance with the terms of the contract underwriters were liable for partial or total loss of the cable not only while loading and in transit, but also during laying and repairing operations. Unlike ordinary cargo shipments the total value of the cable at risk diminishes as laying opera- tions proceed. Underwriters have no further interest in cable expended, as the same is then uninsured. It generally hap- pens, however, that the length of cable shipped provides a surplus at the termination of the work of laying and repairing. This, of course, is covered by the original insurance, which, in in the case of the Faraday, expired on the delivery of any spare cable at Galveston. The insurance was accepted at a premium which was quite moderate notwithstanding the fact that the transport and work were effected by a steamer over 30 years of age. TIRE REPAIRING IN AKRON. [kROM the AKRON (OHlo) " TIM F.S-DtMOCRAT. "] •' ' I "HOUGH it has been the impression for a number ol A years and it is still believed in many quarters that the pneumatic tire is not a success and that the really practicable tire remains to be invented, it is true that the rapid advance that has been made in methods of repairing tires has had much to do with removing this condition," said a well known local rubber man to a reporter for the Times Democrat. " Akron has been the place where many of the tire repairing inventions have been made. There was a time, once, in the early days of the bycicle craze, when more pneumatic tires were repaired in Akron than in any other place on the conti- nent. Tires from Mexico and from Canada, tires from Califor- nia and from Maine came into the big Akron rubber shops for repairs, and their owners simply waited until they came back. " And the first repairs were crude. Sometimes they did not last until the tires were out of the factory. But ibis has all been changed. Now it is common to take one of the big auto tires that are made in Akron, cut a faulty or injured section right out of it, build in another, vulcanize it so that the repair is really a part of the original tire, and send the tire back to the owner, good as new and as strong as when it was first made. "The modern system of tire repairing has opened a field for much special machinery for this purpose, and some of the Akron machine shops are profiting largely by this kind of work." WEAVING CURVED ELASTIC FABRICS. T N the specification of British letters patent No. 9510 (1904), A H.J. Gaisman, of New York, says that narrow elastic fabrics having rubber or other elastic strands interwoven longitudi- nally with the warp and weft threads, are woven with the elastic strands on one side of the central line thicker than those on the other side, or with the elastic strands graduated in size from one selvage to the other. When the fabric is in its normal con- dition the thick strands tend to draw the fabric towards one side, and thereby cause it to assume a curved form as indicated by dotted lines. The strands on one side may be put under greater tension in the loom, or the strands may vary in elastic- ity from one selvage to the other. The fabrics may be used for braces or suspenders, garters, armlets, and the like. When the fabrics are used for straps of braces, the convex edges of the two straps are connected at their meeting point by stitching or otherwise. CAN YOU PREDICT RUBBER WEATHER ? I^Othe Editor of The India Rubber World; As an amateur farmer, 1 am interested in the weather. I have gathered meteorological data for years but have not as yet found the slightest basis on which to ascertain the state of the weather even twelve hours ahead. The government weather predictions are very faulty, and as many laymen claim they can predict the weather more accu- rately than the weather bureau, without any of the elaborate apparatus of the government, I hereby appeal to all the weather prophets of this country to enter a thirty day contest for a cash prize of $100 which I will give to whoever predicts the weather most accurately and will tell for the benefit of the pub- lic by what methods he arrived at his conclusions. If the Ed- itor wi!l kindly publish this and aid in advancing the science of meteorology, I will be grateful. f. r. fast. No. 97 Nassau street. New Voik. October (\ 19^5. TAINTED MONEY" FOR RUBBER BOOTS. THE recent extended discussion over the propriety of the acceptance by educational, religious, and charitable in- stitutions of donations from persons whose wealth has been obtained by methods morally indefensible, not only has ren- dered the term "tainted money" a familiar phrase, but has brought to the front other new considerations in ethics. Among other things, contributions to "election funds" are likely to be viewed in a different way by many people in future. In this connection we quote as something rather odd the following extract from a letter to the New York Sun, by a correspondent whose guide through a rural district was a loquacious livery- man, full of information about the methods prevalent there for buying votes : " The funniest thing about this election boodle," said he, " is, nine out of ten will buy rubber boots with it." On our way back to town, late in the afternoon, we met two old fellows, each carrying a brand new pair of rubber boots over his shoulders. 38 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1905. LITERATURE OF INDIA-RUBBER. OBITUARY. ENSAIO D'UMA SVNOPSE ESPECIES DO GENERO HEVEA SOU OS Pontes de Vism Svstcmatico e GcoRraphico. Pelo Dr. J. Huber. [A reprint from Boletitii do Mustu Cirtdi—\'o\. IV. (1905) Pp. 620-651.] fParfi: 1905.] DR. HUBER, in this paper, has dealt with a vast amount of data bearing upon the genius Jlevea. involving the de- tails relating to no less than 21 species, enumerated by half a dozen authorities, and among other things considers their geo- graphical distribution. Such work cannot fail ultimately to prove of much practical value, and Dr. Huber's essay carries us further toward a systematic understanding of the subject than any one work that has appeared hitherto. HAWAII AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, HONOLULU- Press Bulletin No. 13. Rubber in Hawaii. [Honolulu : 1905.] [Svo. Pp. 11. 1 This is stated to be "mainly a compilation fiom the ex- tremely valuable monograph on the rubber plants of the world '■ by Peter Reintgen : " Die Kautschukpllanzen. Eine Wirtschalts- geographische Studie." This important German work, which was reviewed in The India Rubber World, June i, 1905 (page 298), in addition to extensive statistics of rubber production in various countries, described the different commercial rubber species, and these descriptions have been judiciously condensed by Mr. Jared G. Smith, special agent in charge of the Hawaii experiment station, so as to form a " bulletin '' sure to prove of interest to anybody in that region concerned about rubber culture, RECHERCHES SUR L'E.XTRACTION DU CAOUTCHOUC DES ECORCES et la Coagulation des latex dans les il/ajcar^wAaj/rt. Par H. Jumelle. (Re- printed from Le Caoutehouc et la Gutta-Percha, August 15 and September 15,1905.) Paris: 1905. [8vo. Pp. 17.] IN CURRENT PERIODICALS. Rkntabilitat einer Guttaperchapflanzung fiir Privatkapital. By W. Kolbe. = Z'£r Tropinpjlanzer, Berlin. IX-g {September, 1905). Pp. 519 -525- Observations sur 1' Hcvea daus le Sud-Annam. By Georges Veinet. ^Journal £V Tropen- pjlanzer, Berlin. IX io (October, 1905). Pp. 581-584, Women's Work in Rubber Factories : Its Effect on Health. By Ma- bel Parton, agent for the Women's Educational and Industrial Union of Massachusetts. = T"/;!; Federation Bulletin, Boston. II-6 (March, 1905). Pp. 186-189. OTHER BOOKS RECEIVED. OS MOSQUITOS NO PARA. REUNIAO DE QUATRO TRABALHOS sobrc OS Mosquitos indigenas principalmente as especies que molestram o ho- tnem. Pelo Professor Dr. Emilio Augusto Goeldi. Para : 1905. [4to. Pp. l.S4-f 21 plates.] The fourth in a series of memoirs of the Pari Museum, in natural history and ethnography, is devoted to the study of the native mosquitos of the Brazilian state of Paid, and more par- ticularly those injurious to man, including the Stegomyia fas- ciata, the mosquito which transmits yellow fever. The work is illustrated with 144 figures illustrating in detail the develop- ment through all the stages of life of the various species, and with colored plates showing each of 14 species largely magni- fied and in colors. Of the scientific value of the work we are not qualified to speak ; as for the manner in which the book is put up, it compares favorably with any publication of any scien- tific institution elsewhere. We may add that after seeing these mosquito portraits we do not wonder at the high price of Para rubber. The wonder is rather that men can be found to brave these pests in the rubber fields. GENERAL WILLIAM H. SKIRM, of Trenton, New Jer- sey, died on the evening of October 7 at his home. No, 124 East Hanover street. He was born in Trenton, January 17, 1841, and at an early age was employed in the wholesale grocery house of Forst tS: Taylor, subsequently becoming a member of the firm, under the style of D. P. Forst & Co. He became interested in many important business concerns, being a stockholder in the Empire Rubber Manufacturing Co., of which he was for a number of years president, and also a stock- holder in the Trenton Rubber Co. before the reorganization, and in the Trenton Oilcloth Co. For something like 25 years he was a director and important factor in the Trenton Banking Co. He suffered financial reverses in the crash that overcame Frank A. Magowan, in the Trenton rubber industry, for whom he had been a heavy endorser. William H. Skirm in i860 joined Company A, an indepen- dent military company which became subsequently part of the National Guard, State of New Jersey, and was successively lieutenant and captain. In 1900 he was made colonel of the Seventh regiment, and later on retiring was commissioned brevet brigadier general by Governor Voorhees. He was for many years active in politics as a Republican, serving for a number of years in the Trenton common council and for six years in the state senate, of which he was an influential mem- ber and for one year president. He was a delegate to two Re- publican national conventions and to many state and local con- ventions. He was an active member of the First Methodist Episcopal church, being for a long time treasurer of the church corporation and a superintendent of the Sunday school. For 20 years he was treasurer of Pennington seminary, under the direction of the Methodist Episcopal conference, and at the time of his death was secretary of the Ocean Grove Camp Meeting Association. General Skirm is survived by his wife, a son. Captain Wil- liam H. Skirm, Jr., and a daughter, Mrs. Robert H. Ingersoll. The funeral on October 9 was private, services being held at the Skirm residence and the interment in Riverview cemetery. * * * Theodore Van Rensselaer Brown, treasurer of the Mar- tin Cantine Co., of Saugerties, New York, died on September 29, in his fifty-fifth year. He was born in Columbia county, N. Y., and for a number of years was Canadian agent of the Goodyear Rubber Co. with headquarters at Montreal. The Goodyear Rubber Co. of Canada, Limited, were formerly the selling agents in Canada of the Goodyear Rubber Co. (New York). The title and good will were in time transferred to the Granby Rubber Co., Limited, who still keep the title alive. GUTTA-PERCHA FROM THE PHILIPPINES. TW^ Neiada, a sailing vessel, reached New York in July, 1903, chartered by the Sulu Trading Co. (San Francisc< ) tradmg in the Philippines, its cargo containing copal, motht r of pearl, and 3 tons of Gutta-percha. Messrs. W. R. Grace & Co. (New York) advise The India Ri;bber World : "A por- tion of the lot of Gutta-percha mentioned has been sold.ard we know of no later arrivals from the same source." A like report comes from London, where the Sulu company also placed some material. The Sula company inform The India Rubber World : " Our venture was a losing one, and the company is practically disorganized. So far as we are informed there is no India-rubber in the Philippine islands; there are quantities of gutta, but it does not find purchasers." November i 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 39 THE INDIA-RUBBER TRADE IN GREAT BRITAIN. By Our Regular Correspondent. IT has been my practice for some years past at this season of the year to give my readers some account of the rubber industry as existing in the particular part of Europe vis- ited. At the request of our Editor to add to my former series of observations I noted this down as one of the subjects to engage my attention. However, I may as well say TRAVEL ^j once that the result is practically nil. If I was writing for the Guti Maker's Journal on the subject of revolvers, or for a tobacconists paper on the cultivation of the narcotic weed, I could find plenty of material, but as it happens the rubber trade was hardly at all in evidence. There are no rubber factories in Bosnia, the Herzejovina, Dalmatia, Monte- negro, or .Albanian Turkey, and the exigencies of rapid transit did not permit of any visits being paid to factories in Germany, Austria, or Hungary. Some of the inhabitants of the above countries may have possessed macintoshes or rubber boots, but I do not remember having seen anything of the sort in the ex- tremely hot weather which prevailed all the time. From this point of view it is perhaps rather unfortunate that my tour oc- curred in the driest season for fifteen years and one of the hot- test within living memory. At Seiajevo, the very Mohomniedan capital of Bosnia, I saw in a shop window advertisement cards referring to the galoshes of the Russian- American India- Rubber Co., of St. Petersburg, and the Liverpool Rubber Co. I may remark incidentally that the Servian language and alphabet being so closely allied to the Russian makes business more easy for the Russians than for the British whose language is not un- derstood at all in the large area over which the Servian Croatian languages extend. You meet plenty of men in the Near East who own up to seven or eight languages, but English is not one of them. Recent statistics show that the value of British rub- ber goods exported to Bosnia is very trifling and owing to a quite recent change in personnel at the consulate in Serajevo I was unable to get any ideas as to whether an improvement might be expected. As regards Montenegro there was little in the appearance of the bronzed warriors of this mountainous land to warrant the assumption that the opening of a macintosh and galosh store in the village capital would meet with much financial success. In the last issue some detailed information was given with regard to a process for treating rubber scrap at present under trial in France, In case any confusion may arise RECOVERY OF ^g .^^ ^j^g particular patent I may say that it is of VULCANIZED „ , . , . • . ■ , RUBBER. rrench origin and is quite distinct from the French patent No. 345,926 granted to H. Pen- ther, a German. I might also say that the French patent No. 351,152 granted to Wilkinson, Gubbins, and Ouin, in May of this year, has nothing in common with those just referred to. In reality it is the 1902 patent granted to R. R. Gubbins for his special ^machine for separating fiber and metal from old me- chanical rubbers. It was found that the machine, though am- ply proving its value, could be improved in some respects and the name of Wilkinson and Quin were added to that of the original patentee in connection with the French and other for- eign patents, the former of these gentlemen being a resident in France. The above will serve to put straight any misunder- standing which may have arisen as a result of my previous com- munication. Turning to the subject generally the editorial on reclaimed rubber in the September issue of The India Rub- ber World sums up the position appositely. At no previous time have the prices of scrap rubber ruled so high* nor has the energy of collectors ever made itself so apparent. Of course a fall in the price of raw rubber might make a material difference in the activities of the numerous collecting agencies but it may be taken that the good old days when scrap rubber could be had for the trouble of removing are gone never to return. While goods bearing the names of well known continental rub- ber factories are commonly met with in our collectors' yards a good deal of British waste rubber goes to Germany and in connection with this foreign business there are financial backings which put some collectors in a much more favorable position than others. An article which is always in demand but of which the supply is limited is the diving dress. These have to be carried by every man-of-war though I don't know what the case is with regard to other sea going vessels. The best rubber is used in their manufacture and the discarded goods do not usually show much sign of deterioration. Secret processes in connection with rubber are often brought before the uninitiated as being a rapid means of acquiring wealth. The latest thing of the sort which has come PONTiANAK. under my ken is the suggestion to extract the rub- ber from Pontianak by means of a chemical pro- cess. I have nothing personal against the inventor or the process; I am merely skeptical as to how the operation can be made a commercial success taking into account the cost of chemicals, labor, etc., and the low value of the rubber recovered. I am informed that a well known cable company has paid a consid- erable sum for the right to use the process and is perfectly satisfied with the deal. At the same time I know of other cap- italists who after having experiments conducted came to the conclusion that the prospects of wealth to be obtained by work- ing it were altogether illusory. As regards its resinous and rub- ber contents Pontianak is much on a par with potato rubber, or Euphorbia gum, as it is also called, and it is difficult to un- derstand how the small amount of rubber present in either case can pay for its extraction unless the resins are found to have a good market value. A WRITER in our London contemporary, in discussing the disadvantages of the cold cure, recommends the wider adop- tion of the chloride of sulphur vapor cure. In VULCANIZING experience this has been employed mainly WITH CHLORIDE ' ^ f J J OF SULPHUR. '" two cases, VIZ,: tobacco pouches and dress preservers. In the former case uniform results were always obtained, but with the latter this was not so easy of attainment, and now and again considerable trouble arose through acidity developing. Of course the ammonia treatment now so generally adopted may be an entire preven- tive of this, but all the same I don't think there is any dispo- sition on the part of manufacturers to adopt the chloride of sul- phur cure except where it is necessary. In the case of the to- bacco pouch the rubber is thicker than in the dress preserver and the vulcanization effected is but skin deep. In applying the process it is usual to have large rectangular cupboards made of wood with sliding front doors ; the pouches are hung on wooden rods and there are steam pipes underneath to evaporate the chloride and keep the temperature up to the necessary de- *This relates of course to Ihe British market, and not to the American.. Editor. -The 40 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1905. gree. Some years ago in certain cases where it was considered necessary to cure in the cold it was customary to use some strong nitric acid to volatilize the chloride ; but of course this was a chemical requiring very careful use and it is not now I believe to be met with in this connection. Metal work soon gets corroded by the chloride and especially is this the case with galvanized iron ; other objections to the chloride are its small and corrosive vapor and there is but little disposition to extend its application. A good many tobacco pouches are now made of sulphured sheet and vulcanized in steam ; especially is this the case with the well known Crocodile red pouches of Messrs. Warnes. It is generally recognized that the steam cured pouch is more lasting than the vapor cured, especially as regards liability to split at the joints. The advocate of the va- por cure admits that African rubbers require more chloride than does Para and I should think that the difficulty in the way of deciding what is the right amount to use is against the pro- cess. All my experience of the vapor cure has been connected with fine rubber alone and here the results were always suffi- ciently uniform. An interesting article appears in the last issue of this Jour- nal relative to dust removed by the vacuum process. This has now become firmly established in England, '''r'uTb°e^r°hose.°'' '"°'^ particularly perhaps among the larger householders to whom the item of expense is not a matter of great importance. In the towns, it may be mentioned, some little trouble has arisen because of people objecting to the thumping of the machinery while the house cleaning is in progress. The point, however, which I mainly wish to refer to is the suggestion that rubber hose has a large field of development, not only with regard to vacuum cleaning but especially in the way of laying dust in coal mines by the water spray. At first sight the idea seems an admirable one; it would undoubtedly tend to lessen the dangers of fiery mines, but then there is the new and dreaded disease ankylosto- miasis, or miner's worm, to be considered. This has long been prevalent in certain German mines and of late years has caused British mine inspectors a good deal of anxiety. In order to combat its powers of evil it is recommended to keep the work- ings as dry as possible, so it will be seen that the enthusiast in mine hygiene is on the horns of a dilemma. As regards street watering in towns the water cart in general use in England does not bring much grist to the rubber manufacturers' mills. In the large continental towns I recently visited, notably Vienna, Budapest, and Agram. the street watering is all done from stand pipes to which are connected long lengths of rubber hose. In the Bosnian towns is to be seen the somewhat primitive ar- rangement of a water barrel on wheels behind which a man walks with a hose-pipe fitted with a hose. In Montenegro dry sweeping is occasionally indulged in, but the fastidious might urge with truth that a water cart of some sort would greatly benefit the principal street of the capital in dry weather. On information which appeared to me conclusive, I referred in the September issue of The India Rubber World to the retirement of Mr. J. K.Burbridge from the firm of Messrs. William Warne & Co., Limited, of Tottenham and Barking. Mr. Burbridge, however, informs me that he is still very much in existence in his old position and that the reports which had got into circulation had reference to a brother of his who had no connection with the India-rubber works. 1 must express my regret to Mr. Bur- bridge for the mistake, while nursing my resentment against certain parties who shall be nameless in that they were though doubtless unintentionally the cause ol my falling into error. I may mention that Mr. Burbridge's withdrawal from the post of MR. J. K. BURBRIDQE. scientific abstractor for the Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry was largely due to the other demands upon his time. From what I can gatl^er there is no chance of the proposed reduction of capital meeting with the assent of the preference shareholders. [See The India Rubber World, PNETwrTic ^"g"st I, 1905— page 383.] It is necessary for TYRE CO. ^200,000 of preference capital to agree before the reduction can be carried out and the diffi- culty of the situation is augmented by the fact that the pref- erence shareholders are to a great extent Irish. The excellent trading results shown by the company of course largely reduce the importance of the contemplated step, and it will probably be found that things will go on as before. Messrs. Bourne Brothers, of Harpenden, have recently put down an extensive plant for making and repairing motor tires. They will also supply rubber strip, etc., to cycle repairers. It may be mentioned that a con- trolling interest in the firm as newly organized is held by Messrs. A. C. Baber & Co., of Bucklersbury, London, waste rubber merchants, whose name was mentioned in this Journal last month in connection with the bankruptcy of Mr. A. V. Stephens. The Unity Rubber Co. was registered in London Septem- ber 12, with /33,ooo capital in £1 shares (30,000 preferred ordinary and 3000 deferred ordinary). The RUBBER WORKS, directors. are G. C. Mandleberg. H. L. Roth- band, and S. L. Mandleberg, all connected with J. Mandleberg & Co., Limited, of Pendleton, Manchester. The object is to acquire and operate the plant ol The Hyde Rubber Works, Limited, at Woodley, Cheshire. The fact that this property has been taken over by Messrs. Mandleberg will not surprise a good many in the trade as it has for some time been thought probable. The well known waterproof firm have for some time been looking out for suitable premises in which to carry on the mechanical rubber industry and their business reputation should enable the new Unity Rubber Co. to achieve greater success than has of late years been associated with the Woodley factory. The following paragraph in the London correspondence of a Lancashire paper of some note is so interesting that it seems worthy of reproduction in full : A Curious Trade. — A curious form of money making is adopted by a London firm. Ragpickers and others bring them goloshes and rubber heels that have been thrown away. These are sent to America to be converted to other uses, the Guttapercha of the goloshes being especially adaptable after a secret process of treatment. It is noteworthy that whenever the staff of a daily paper get on the subject of rubber they usually fall into egregious errors. It may be the samewith other technical matters, and my experience of the rubber scribe will make me cautious as regards technical news generally. I remember discussing the Pacific cable a few years ago with a leader writer on a daily paper, and advised him to submit his proof to me for correction. This, however, he omitted to do, and 1 was not surprised to read some com- ments on the cornering of India-rubber at Singapore. There is no need to multiply instances such as this, they are too com- mon ; but it is permissible to express regret that the general writer is so careless in seeking assistance when he is dealing with topics which he does not understand. AN ITEM OF INTELLIGENCE. Air Brakes. — An official statement from Washington men- tions that 1,845,304 locomotives and cars were in use or. Amer- ican railways on June 30, 1904, of which 1,554.772 were provid- ed with air brakes, calling for very much rubber hose. November '905] THE INDIA RUBBER "WORLD 41 CLEANING BUILDINGS BY SAND BLAST. IN a previous article The India Rubber World described the various methods employed in cleaning carpets, furni- ture, and the interior walls of houses by means of the vacuum and compressed air processes. It was shown that by the use of certain apparatus all the accumulated dust was literally pulled out of its place of lodgement and whisked away through a line of rubber hose to a receptacle outside of the building without causing the housewife or the occupant of the offices where the work is done the slightest inconvenience. For cleaning the exterior of buildings an entirely different process is necessary, for something beside dirt and dust must be removed from the stone surface. In order to give the build- ing that has been exposed to the storms and the sunshine for 15 or 50 or more years a fresh, clean appearance, similar to that which it had when first erected, the surface must be scoured with sand. Previous to the invention of the sand blast attempts were made to remove the marks of the weather by scrubbing the stone with soap and water or with chemicals in which acids had been dissolved. The results were not usually very satisfactory. The surface was often left streaked and discolored so that its appearance was worse than before. It was quite evident to architects who had studied the matter that a different process would have to be employed if the work was ever to be done in an artistic and satisfactory manner. It was a long time, however, before human invention hit on the right way of accomplishing it. For many centuries the Arab in crossing the desert with his camels had looked upon the monuments of the ancients and had seen that the sand which was blown hither and thither by the winds was gradually cleaning and polishing their surfaces. This fact meant nothing to him because he was satisfied with his manner of life, and therefore made no effort to improve his condition. He would not know how to apply a scientific fact to the betterment of himself or his people. But one day an American who was journeying across the arid waste saw what the Arab had observed, and it gave him an idea. If the wind can drive the sand against a stone and polish its surface, why couldn't compressed air be made to do the same thing? The more bethought about it the more certain he be- came that such a thing was possible. When he arrived home in the United States he began work on an invention which finally became what is now known as the Sand Blast. It was a crude affair at first but was afterwards improved by scores of inventors until it is now very nearly perfect. The first and principal use to which it was put was the re- moval of weather stains from the exterior walls of buildings. It did its work so quickly and so well that the men who brought it into use soon found that they had in their possession a big money making device. There are now several companies in the field with sand blast cleaning processes. One of the most successful is the Ameri- can Diamond Blast Co., of which Franklyn M. Wise is presi- dent, with offices at No. 114 Liberty street, New York. This company is the owner of the Shaver sand blast machine pat- ents in the United States, Great Britain, Ireland, Germany, Austria, and Belgium. The apparatus employed consists of a portable air compres- sor to which are attached as many lines of rubber hose as are necessary for the work that is being done. For eight nozzles through which the sand is blown upon the stone surface five lines of '/ inch hose are necessary. After leaving the com- pressor the air is forced through a sand reservoir where it picks up a quantity of sand and forces it out of the nozzles at a pressure of 200 atmospheres. The sand cuts the surface of the stone and removes an infinitesimal layer of its substance and with it removes all stains, whether of weather or rust or other discolorating elements. The men who operate the sand blast nozzles are specially dressed for the work. Over their heads they wear helmets to protect their eyes, nostrils, and face from the particles of sand which might otherwise cause them untold agony. Over their hands they wear soft gloves, which must necessarily be pliable. The swing scafToId upon which the workmen stand is hooded above and below so that the flying sand will not fall on pedes- trians passing along the street below. The sand is collected in the lower part of the hood and conducted through a canvas tube to the ground. On a large job i 5 men are required to op- erate the portable plant. Each man can clean about 500 square feet of surface a day. Much of the success of sand blast work depends upon the kind of sand used. Clean beach sand is not as effective as mineral quartz owing to the fact that it may contain particles of iron and moisture. If it contains iron the surface upon which the sand is used will after awhile become streaked with rust stains. The mineral quartz sand is, however, entirely free from iron and possesses greater cutting power because of the sharpness of the edges of the particles. The American Diamond Blast Co. has during the past few months cleaned a number of notable buildings in New York. Among them are the Bowling Green building, the County Court house, the Hotel Majestic, office of J. Pierpont Morgan & Co., and the Alexander residence, at Fifty-eighth street and Fifth avenue. The sand blast has many other uses besides cleaning the outer surfaces of stone buildings. It is employed to remove barnacles from the bottoms of ships and rust scales from iron bridges. The Erie Railroad Co. recently had all of the bridges on its line between New York and Port Jervis cleaned by this process. It is also used to get a proper surface for holding concrete when laying foundations in damp places below the level of the ground. It removes moisture, grease, or dirt that may be upon it and thus give the concrete a chance to get a grip on the rock. Another use to which the sand blast is put is bonding copper bonds to steel rails in laying electric railroad tracks. Without doubt other ways for utilizing the sand blast will be discovered from time to time. Already the demand for rub- ber for this new use has become important, and it may reason- ably be expected to grow in extent, frank l. blaNCHARD. Vulcanization. — Ex-Governor A. O. Bourn, president of the Bourn Rubber Co. (Providence, Rhode Island) has for sev- eral years past been trying a great variety of experiments in vulcanization. To show the range of his work, two extremes may be noted. He has certain samples of compounded rubber containing no sulphur, that were left in dry heat 211 days at a temperature of 105 F. and which were thoroughly vulcanized. The antithesis of this was a compounded stock that vulcanized in dry heat in ^ minute at 286° F. 42 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1905. WOMEN'S WORK IN RUBBER FACTORIES. AN investigation of injurious and dangerous trades in which women are employed is being conducted by a joint com- mittee of the Massachusetts State Federation of Women's Clubs and the Women's Educational and Industrial Union of that state. A recent issue of The Federation Bulletin, the organ of the associations mentioned, contains a report by Mabel Parton, the agent of the committee, on •' Women's Work in Rubber Fac- tories : Its Effect on Health," which will be briefly summarized here. The investigation related to twelve rubber factories, engaged in the production of (i) shoes, (2) garments, (3) light rubber goods, and (4) hose. Mention is made of " whatever has been observed which may have hygienic significance — conditions peculiar to special processes and others common to nearly all women's work on rubber." All but a few of the women In the factories reported on han- dle compounded rubber before vulcanization, and these com- pounds include oxide of lead or similar material. As none of the factories visited provided lunch rooms, and not all of them furnished adequate washing conveniences, many of the women ate their noonday meal at the work benches without first hav- ing washed their hands. " In a few processes," says the report, "the women take the material into their mouths. Makers of footballs' finish ofi ' by sucking the air, and incidentally bits of waste from inside the balls to make them lie flat. I find also that girls in the picking room at one of the factories assist with their teeth in picking olT scraps of good rubber from the ' wobs ' of cements, varnish, and waste discarded in the cutting and making rooms. Some of the girls at several factories have acquired the habit of chew- ing the soft rubber." Fumes of naphtha pervade the air of the work rooms, the soft rubber out of which many articles are made coming to the workers who finish them, already stamped or cut into shape, the parts being pressed together by hand and united with a cement in which naphtha enters. "There has been some reason to fear," says the report, " that manufacturers are using carbon bisulphide with the naphtha for heavier cement, but I have been unable to detect it in any of the factories I have visited." The naphtha fumes are present, however, in nearly all of the women's rooms, and those who do not actually use the cement — garment stitchers, for instance — work in rooms where the cement is used by others and breathe in the gas all day. " The women who make light rubber goods," it is said, " con- stantly inhale a fine talc dust. The talcum is used to keep small parts from sticking to the hands, or to each other when they are packed for vulcanizing, and is so fine that it flies at a touch. "The shoe making seems to necessitate a pressure against the bodies of the workers. The parts of the shoe are laid over a wooden boot form and the soft edges of the rubber are pressed together. In doing this the maker pushes the form hard against her body — first the heel and then the toe is directed against the pit of her stomach. Some of the women wear pads of cloth or leather to protect themselves, but these shields are soft or soon become soft, so that while friction may be prevented, the pres- sure is not diverted from the one small spot." Mention is made of the custom in most of the factories vis- ited of women working practically throughout the noon hour, either to get out earlier at night, to finish their " tickets " dur- ing the day in case of slow hands, or to make extra wages. Whatever the object, however, the workers over time lose the fresh air and relaxation in the middle of the day. Miss Parton was struck with the pallor of the rubber factory women, and from talking with them she learned that they often suffer from headache, nausea, and loss of appetite when they first begin work in rubber factories, and that while the symptoms apparently may pass in a few weeks, they are likely to recur on a return of the workers after an absence. Some of the girls with whom Miss Parton talked never feel quite well while they are at the work. Seventeen physicians in rubber factory towns were interviewed, most of whom have found common among rubber factory girls special diseases due particularly to (i) fumes arising from manufacturing processes, (2) the pressure of the boot form, and (3) the lack of proper nooning. One of the physicians who has had a large practice among rubber factory operatives for the past 25 years, as well as among operatives from a twine factory nearby, finds that the women from the rubber factory suffer to an unusual extent from anrcmia, with resulting dysmenorrhea, and attributes this from fumes that are breathed in during working hours. Dr. Fred- eric Coggeshall, as physician in charge of the nervous clinic of the Boston Dispensary, told Miss Parton that he found that one-thirteenth of all the factory girls treated worked in some branch of a rubber factory ; that certain forms of func- tional nervous diseases are very prevalent among this class; that these complaints are closely connected with their breath- ing the fumes of naphtha and carbon bisulphide. He believed the work to be decidedly injurious to health, and so far as the marked symptoms go that chronic poisoning with these objec- tionable gases, especially perhaps the naphtha, is the principal cause. With regard to a modification of the conditions outlined, it is pointed out naphtha fumes can be carried off through regis- ters placed in the floor and connected by pipes with suction fans, as has been proved by one rubber factory in Massachu- setts in a garment room where large quantities of very heavy cement are used. Talcum powder could be treated in much the same way, though troughs at the back of work benches, such as are to be found at hand sorting rooms in flax mills, would be better for the making rooms than the floor register. " Shoe workers," it is said, " could be greatly relieved of the pressure of the boot form by use of proper shields. The shields sold by one of the shoe factories to its employes are right in principle, but they do not stand wear. They are made of stiff leather and slightly concave, so that the part which comes di- rectly over the pit of the stomach scarcely touches the body, and pressure is thus diminished and distributed. But leather gives way quickly and becomes soft at the pressure point. A shield built on this principle, of material which would bear the strain, should answer the purpose. It is not necessary in any of the work to put the rubber into the mouth, and the rubber chewing habit is of course, under the control of employes." It is pointed out that the conditions of eating with unwashed hands and working at noon are only partially within the con- trol of the employes. Even if noon time work is nominally op- tional, it may be actually necessary, owing to the size of the tickets given out.in connection with the speed of the operatives. It is at present against the law in Massachusetts for a woman or minor to work during the midday recess, but the law is practi- cally Inoperative among the hand workers because it falls to fix responsibility for its enforcement. Miss Parton advises the re- peal of the law which exempts employers from responsibility for work done by women and minors at noon time. Drawing for a Pair. — Lost— On the Clifton pike, one rub- ber boot. Will buy or sell. — Versailles {Kentucky) Sun. November i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 43 CAUCHO AND "CASTILLOA ULEl" WARBURG. By Dr. IVeriKr Escit (Haiitbiiri:)* OPINIONS as to the tree yielding the so-called " Caucho," or Peruvian balls, of commerce have heretofore been very much at variance. It was supposed by some that He7'ea, Cameraria latifolia, and Hancornia speciosa yielded the Caucho.t while HenriquesJ cited reasons which made him doubt the existence of either Hancornia or Castilloa on the eastern slopes of the Andes. The recent explorations of Dr. Ule have established beyond a doubt that Hancornia spe- ciosa exists on the eastern slopes of the Andes, in the Amazo- nas district of Brazil, and on an area much larger than hereto- fore supposed ; and, also, that Caucho is obtained from a spe- cies of Castilloa heretofore unidentified. This species was named Castilloa Ulei by Dr. Warburg. § In Ule's description of the manner in which raw Caoutchouc is gathered. I notice the singular statement that supposedly the larger part of Caucho, after its separation with a soap solution, is formed into planhas de Caucho— \>xo?iA. fiat cakes, and that some of the caucAeros coagulate the latex by exposure to the air. Rolled up strips of this Caucho are placed on the market as a higher priced sernamby de Caucho. So far as I have been able to inform myself by reading, and by what I have gathered by conversation with presumably informed persons, Peruvian rubber is put on the market principally in the form of balls, in Hamburg and in all other markets. The balls are generally, though not always, in form of lumps wound with strips, giving them a characteristic appearance. The inner part of the ball, on being cut through, shows also a characteristic conglomera- tion of more or less pale layers. This layering is found not only in the Peruvian slabs ; more prominently isthe similarity noted between Peruvian balls and those originating from Castilloa elastica in Ecuador, and Colombian balls and sausages. This relationship is not confined only to the superficial ap- pearance but also to the chemical data of washed samples and to the nearly identical rapidity of vulcanization. Further, it is not a single Castilloa species! but it is stated that quite a num- ber exist which furnish the Caoutchouc of this kind. The sim- ilarity is not a new discovery of mine, but is well known in the trade. This is furthermore endorsed by a published statement :*r '• The physical characteristics of Caucho in the main are the same as in the Central American rubbers." The statement made by Ule, that \.h^" planhas de Caucho" are formed by simply coagulating the latex with soap and veg- etable juices cannot, on account of the well known appearance of Peruvian slabs, be accepted unconditionally, because, when cut, their resemblance to those of balls is too apparent. About a year ago I had an opportunity to obtain for a rubber factory here a lot of Peruvian balls, which lot contained, besides the normal balls, exceptionally large loaves— a description of which I deem advisable here, to make the reason of their presence more clear. Ule's description of the manner of obtaining Caucho would be in excellent accord with the appearance of these loaves. •Translated from Gummi-Zeilung, Dresden. Jahrg. XIX (1905). P. iiiq. t Fran/- Clouth, ** Gummi, Guttapercha und Ralata." Leipzig: 1S99. P. 78. \ " Der Kautsclmk und seine Qiielleo." Dresden : 1899. P. 13. •iCummi-XeituKg. Dresden. Jahrj;. XIX (1905). P. 96s. [Also The India RuDUHR World, May i, 1905. P. 259] I f n American dissertations Castilla instead of Castilloa is often used, and the former, it is claimed, is tlic more correct. II Henry C. Pearson, " Crude Rubber and Compounding Ingredients." New- York : 1899. P. 13. The above mentioned crude rubber firm imports from year to year large quantities of Peruvian balls, but the official of the firm from which I obtained the lot had never, in many years' experience, seen similar loaves in Peruvians, neither in slabs, and others of whom inquiry was made had never known such loaves to exist, which in quality were farsuperior tothe regular Peruvians. The loaves were, in siae and shape, like the ordinary Matto Grosso Pard, possessing also the faint cheese odor of Matto Grosso Para, which after vulcanization changed into the pleasing odor emitted by bread in process of baking. On being washed a loss of 26 per cent, was noted, the compact blocks, which had only small traces of admixed dirt, containing a quantity of water. The cut surface did not show the yellow spots generally found in Matto Grosso Pard. The large black beetles, with their hard shell wings, which cause so much an- noyance in washing, were also absent. The appearance and characteristics of the washed loaf Peruvian were of such simi- larity of Matto Grosso Para as to eliminate all doubt of its be- ing readily worked upas Matto Grosso Pard, even in respect to the more rapid vulcanization which Matto Grosso Para pos- sesses over regular Peruvian. It is hardly necessary to mention that this irregular Peruvian consignment found ready takers and that endeavors were made to obtain regular consignments of this fine material, but, to the best of my knowledge these have been in vain. It may also be mentioned that in the same lot were some pieces which had to be designated as slabs ; this seems to me to be of importance in order to judge correctly the matter in question, because it convinces me all the more that the loaves and slabs are not of an identical nature. Slabs are inferior to balls.* The loaves are no doubt much superior tothe best Peruvian balls. I would like to meet here the objection made that at limes Peruvian balls possess also pale outer skins. In the first place this occurs rarely, and secondly these skins are materially darker than those of the before mentioned loaves and of Matto Grosso Para. It is most likely that in my large circle of readers these lines will come before the eyes of some one prepared to shed some light on this subject. For the sake of curiosity it may be mentioned here that an English firm— z. ^., its representative- contends that Caucho and Peruvian ballsare not alike, but that Caucho is the prime quality and Peruvian i/itasi & second qual- ity. Of course the poor buyer is expected to believe this and to take without hesitation, at a higher price, " Caucho balls " in- stead of " Peruvian balls.'' Like a rare bird, some time ago, a lot of smoked Colombians arrived here— a Ca.f/i'//i?;j Caoutchouc of light yellow-brown color, of pleasant odor, and easy of vulcanization. The Caoutchouc consisted of balls of about 50 kilograms in weight, which seemed to have obtained their shape by having been treated in the same manner as ordinary Peruvian balls — strips of Caout- chouc and some adhering pieces of wood being, like intestines, pressed together, after which the large lumps were sewed in bast mats and smoked like hams. The cut surface of these lumps resembled much the cross section of Peruvian balls, with the difference that in these Colombians the outlines of the sev- eral Caoutchouc strips were light yellow and therefore very in- distinct. No information could be gained from the English importers in regard to this beautiful lot, except that it was just * See Henry C. Pearson. P. 13. 44 THE INDIA RUBBER ^A^ORL,D [November i, 1905. by chance that such a fine consignment had got into the mar- ket, and no hopes were entertained of seeing a like one within the near future. The process of smoking had left but little water in the Caoutchouc and the loss in washing was just 10 per cent. The color of the washed skin was like that of Para, and had an agreeable smoke odor, quite dillerent from that of Pari. With these statements I endeavor to pursue the object to arouse those who are influential in gathering Castilloa Caout- chouc of so valuable, dry, not foul smelling quality, to produce these sorts for which the rubber manufacturer finds a larger field of application, their light color being of especial value in the manufacture of colored rubber goods. The manufacturers pay for such Castilloa Caoutchouc materially higher prices, and therefore, the careful preparation of the Caoutchouc milk will certainly pay well for the extra care. • * • What are described as "loaves" (brote) in the preceding article refer evidently to the form of Pard rubber described in English speaking trade circles as " biscuits " or " hams " being the aggregations of rubber coagulated by the smoking process on wooden paddles and sometimes attaining a very large size. The word " loaves ", however, is not a common trade designa- tion in England or America. It does not seem to have been proved by Dr. Esch that the unusually excellent lots of rubber mentioned by him as coming from Peru and Colombia were derived from trees of any Castilloa species. As is well known, considerable Hevea rubber is now derived from Peru, and the similarity noticed of Peruvian lots to " Matto Grosso Pard " in- dicates that certain rubbers referred to may not have been Castilloa rubber at all, but Hevea. Likewise the excellent Colombian rubber may have been from some species of Sapittm. Or, it may have been Castilloa rubber from planted trees, the owners of which coagulated it with unusual care, comparable with that which the planters of Ceylon and the Malay States give to the latex of Hevea Brasiliensis. While Dr. Esch leaves a number of points in relation to Castilloa rubber unsolved, the rubber trade is to be congratulated upon the fact that investi- gators of his ability are devoting so much energy to efforts to determine the sources of commercial rubber and the conditions under which it is prepared for market. — The Editor. CRUDE BALATA DUTIABLE. TH E collector of customs at the port of Norfolk assessed for duty, at the rate of 35 per cent, ad valorem, an importa- tion of so called " sheet Balata " made by Castner, Curran & Bullitt (New York), who filed a protest, claiming the material to be entitled to free entry. The United States general ap- praisers at New York assume that the collector's assessment of duty was by virtue of the supposed similitude of the merchan- dise to manufactures of Gutta-percha or what is known as hard rubber, while it is evident that the claim of the protestants of free entry is upon the assumption that provision for crude rub- ber includes crude Balata. The appraisers' decision says : The evidence before us submitted on behalf of the protestants, and not controverted by the government, is that the Balata in question is in the crudest possible form in which Balata is produced. It appears that the so-called sheets are obtained by tapping the Balata tree and permit- ting the sap to run or drop on a palm leaf or board, and, after the sap is thus spread out on the palm leaf or board, exposing it to the sunlight and permitting it to dry. The merchandise is not advanced beyond this process to fit it for any particular purpose — in short, nothing has been done to constitute the Balata a manufactured article. The collector's classification and the importers' claim evi- dently are based upon the idea that Balata is so much akin to rubber that for tariff purposes they are the same. The board holds, however, that while they are sufficiently alike to warrant the application of the similitude clause to articles manufactured from Balata there is a marked difference between Gutta-percha, India-rubber, and Balata, in the crude state. This difference was set forth in a decision of the general appraisers (G. A. 5098 — March 13, 1902), in which decision it was also held that Balata sheets fitted for such goods as dress shields were dutiable at 35 per cent., on account of their similarity to Gutta-percha wares, no provision existing in the tariff schedule for Balata. [See The India Rubber World, April i, 1902— page 230.J But even if the various substances named were sufficiently similar to warrant the application of the similitude clause in the event of crude rubber being subject to duty, this would not justify the application of the similitude clause in this instance because crude rubber is in the free list. The appraisers, therefore, hold the collector's classification to be erroneous ; since crude Balata is not elsewhere provided for in the tariff it must be regarded as an unmanufactured article not enumerated, dutiable at the rate of 10 per ctnt. ad valorem under the provision 6 of the tariff act of 1897. Members of the trade interviewed by The India Rubber World intimated that importers of block and sheet Balata would protest this duty, though no action would be taken by any one until he had made an importation and a duty had been assessed. It is not doubted that the framers of the tariff act regarded Balata as included in ' India-rubber and Gutta-per- cha," and therefore entitled to free entry, but the customs au- thorities having decided that Balata is neither India-rubber nor Gutta-percha, and Balata not being specified in the "free list," evidently the appraisers have no choice but to assess the 10 per cent, rate as above reported. THE NEWEST ATLANTIC CABLE. THE fifth transatlantic cable of the Commercial Cable Co. (New York) has just been successfully laid, the final splice having been made off the coast of Ireland on October 6, by the cable ship Colonia. The new cable is reported to be of the best and most expensive type of submarine cable ever laid. It was manufactured by the Telegraph Construction and Main- tenance Co., Limited (London), having been begun in March last and shipped on board their 7976 ton steamer Colonia on August 5. Atlantic cables are laid from west to east, because of the direction of the prevailing winds, and ships make better speed going eastwar(j. This is why the Colonia began laying the cable from the Nova Scotia coast. On October 3 she ar- rived at a point 187 miles from the coast of Ireland, where the final splice was to be made with the cable previously laid from the Irish coast by the steamship Cambria. At some points the new cable was laid at a depth of nearly three miles below the surface of the sea. The quantities of material used were 1,411,- 200 pounds of copper ; 799,688 pounds of Gutta percha , 16,845.- 000 pounds of brass tape, jupe, yarn, iron wire, and preservative compound. The cost of the cables varied from $1000 to $6000 per mile, according to the different requirements at different depths and character of the ocean bed. The signal and speed of this cable is said to be 15 per cent, greater than that of any other cable of equal length in the Atlantic. The two transat- lantic cables of the Deutsche- Atlantische Telegraphen-Gesell- schaft between Germany and New York work in direct connec- tion with the lines of the Postal Telegraph Cable Co., which gives the system 7 ocean lines, all duplexed so that their com- bined capacity is 14 messages at one time. November i, i9«5.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 45 RUBBER CARGO LOST ON THE AMAZON. THE Booth line steamer Cyril, bound from Mandos for Liv- erpool, with 2IO tons of rubber on board, was lost on the Amazon on the morning of September 6, in a collision with the steamer Auselm. The occurrence was in the bay Curralinho, near the town of the same name on the great island of Maraji), and about 93 miles above Para Both ships were under the con- trol of lirazilian pilots, whoseemingly misunderstood thesignals given while rounding a small island, and the result was that both ships steered for the same point, and before the Q'/vV could cross the bow of the Auselm she was rammed, and sank within 45 minutes in about 70 feet of water, capsizing as she went down. The Auselm was seriously damaged and had to put back to Para. No passengers were lost of injured, and no pas- sengers' effects were lost. The CyrtTs manifest showed the following details regarding the rubber carried : Smri-KRS. Fine. Medium. Coarse. Caucho. Total. Scholz & Co. .. .-t//« 58,680 12.387 20,802 3,6co 95i46g DusendschtJn & Co.. 31,628 8,985 829 41,137 82,579 Aldelbert II. Alden. 17,020 3.075 5,290 205 25.590 Ahlers S: Co 4.056 91 567 4.714 J. H. Andresen, Sue. 1.440 i6o 690 .... 2,290 Total 112,824 24,698 28,178 44,942 210,642 The Booth company advise The India Rubber World : " The latest information we have is that the Liverpool Salvage Association were sending out the steamer Ranger in the hopes of salving the rubber cargo on board the Cyril. We understand that they have with them all the modern appliances for this class of work." There was no perceptible fluctuation in the New York market for Pard rubber on account of the loss of the Cyril. The price stiffened in England for a few days, but did not hold. PERILS OF NAVIGATION ON THE AMAZON. [from " roLHA DO NORTE " (PARA), SEPTEMBER l8.] The Cidade de Manaus, the despatch boat belonging to the Amazonas government, entered our port yesterday at i p. M. The voyage was anything but auspicious, for, besides running aground, the vessel was in danger of foundering. While cross- ing from Catahu to Cossary, the boat encountered a severe storm, resulting in serious damage to the commander's cabin, which made it necessary to strengthen it by means of cross- beams. The Cidade de Manaus battled with the severe storm for 20 minutes. After passing through this first peril, the despatch boat con- tinued on its course until 9 p. m. on the day before yesterday, when it ran aground at a small distance below the island of the Mucuras, but on this occasion escaped sinking. The Cidade de Manaus was in this dangerous position when the Cassipori passed. It was decided to ask for assistance and a boat was despatched for that purpose. While all those on ihe Cidade de Manaus expected the Cassipori xq render some assis- tance, her captain sent word that he could not do so, as he had no time to spare. The Cassipori! thereupon continued on its course, leaving the boat in its dangerous position. Later on, the Fagundes Varella passed by, and was asked for assistance. Her captain at once stopped his engine and sent a boat to inquire what had best be done. When he had been advised of the circumstances, it was agreed that the Fagundes Varella should cast anchor and wait until the next day, to see whether the Cidade de Manaus yio\i\A getofTof her own account. If he was able to do so, the captain of the Fagundes Varella was to receive 1000 milreis [=$334.60, exchange at 17 pence], while, if it should become necessary to take the Cidade de Manaus in tow, 2000 milreis were to be paid. Happily, at about 2 A. M. yesterday, the boat was floated through her own efforts, and the Fagundes Varella continued on her voyage during the morning. The Cidade de Manaus, which came under the command of Mr. Francisco Antonio Ozorio, was steered by the experienced Amazonas pilot, Mr. Raymundo Cunha. BRAZILIAN TAX COLLECTORS FIGHT OVER RUBBER. The Amazonas despatch boat, Cidade de Manaus, had on board Colonel JcSo Baptista Faria e Souza, collector of the port of Manaos, and Dr. Amaro Bezerra, a well known lawyer, whose visit to Pard was for the purpose of discussing the matter of the India-rubber which had come in transit on the Eurico, the Amazonas revenue department claiming the said rubber as the property of that state, while it was also claimed by the Federal territory of Acre. The Eurico also arrived at Pardon September 17, carrying 21,687 kilograms of rubber, consigned to Messrs. Leite & Co. and Cerqueira Lima & Co. — there being 19,175 kilos of fine, 350 of coarse, and 2162 of Caucho. On board the Eurico were, besides Mr. Angelo Boyma, the custom house guard in charge of the second fiscal of Iquiry, Acre; Mr. Cyriaco Muniz, a treasury accountant, attached to the collector's office at Manaos ; and theguard of the same dis- trict, Mr. Miguel Archanjo Monteiro, who had the rubber in their care. The rubber was stowed away in the two compart- ments of the hold of the vessel, the hatchways being duly sealed, as was verified by the custom house officers of Paid, when they boarded the vessel. According to the Manaos journal O Amazonas, this rubber was taken on board the Eurico at port Cachoeira, on the river Purus, near the town of Labrea, Brazil, from the lighter Boli- var. The bill of lading gave the river Iquiry, a tributary of the Acre, as the source of the rubber, but it is claimed at Manaos that the point on the Iquiry referred to could have no commu- nication with any locality reached by the W^Xe.t Bolivar. It is said that the hold of the Eurico, in which the rubber was stored, was sealed not far from Labrea by a person claiming to be a Federal fiscal agent of Acre. A question regarding the rubber being raised at Mandos, Messrs. Leite & Co., owners of the Eurico, asked the port col- lector to clear the vessel and offered a deposit to cover the Amazonas state duties, in case the rubber should prove to have been gathered in that state. But the Manaos authorities re- plied that the rubber was not of doubtful origin ; it came from Amazonas state, from a point north of the Acre boundary line. The captain of the Eurico, having allowed a fiscal employe of the Acre district to come within the limits of Amazonas and seal the holds of the steamer, is liable to be held as a partici- pant in the smuggling of the goods and ihe penalties therefor. The rubber in dispute having been shipped as coming from Federal territory (where the export tax is 15 per cent.) though held at Manaos to have been produced in Amazonas state (where the export tax is 23 per cent.), was claimed to be smug- gled goods, and treated accordingly. * * * There is constant friction between the Amazonas state and the Federal district of Acre over rubber export dues. Folha do Norte reported recently the seizure at Manaos of 97,467 kilos of rubber on one steamer, claimed as a state product but which was found out to have come from Acre. It was neces- sarily shipped from an Amazonas port, in the absence of other facilities at the point of production, but this did not make it Amazonas rubber. 46 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [NoVEMIiER I, 1905. THE COLORADO "RUBBER" PLANT. TO iiiE Editokoi' Thk India Rubdk.k World: We have had brought to our attention as a possible source of rubber supply the plant known as " picradenia floribunda utilis," " pingue," or " rabbit weed," which plant It Is claimed Is indigenous to the western states and territories. If the claims made for this plant are correct, we would be Interested in de- termining whether or not It grows in those sections of the west tributary to our lines [Atchison, Topeka and Santa ¥€ railway]. Before attempting to ascertain this fact, we desire to secure such Information as we can concerning any tests that have been made of the rubber from this plant, and It Is to secure this in- formation we are addressing you. We presume you are thoroughly familiar with all the facts, and if you can find it consistent to do so, would be glad to have such Information as you can give us along the following lines : First. Whether or not. In your opinion, the commercial extraction of rubber from this source Is possible. Second. The quality of this rubber as compared with the various other grades of rubber in the market. Third. The results of any tests that have been made on this product. Fourth. The prices such rubber will bring in the various markets. we.sley merritt. Industrial Commissioner The Atchison, Toptka and Santa Fc Railway System. Chicago. October g. 1905. We have followed with much interest and many times with amusement the claims of the western company promoters con- cerning the extraction of rubber from the plant known as Picradenia floribunda utilis. While it appears that this plant is very abundant throughout the southwest, it Is yet to be proved to contain rubber in sufficient quantity to warrant its extraction. We have been open to conviction on the subject all the while but none of the interested parties in Colorado or elsewhere have brought forward theslightestproof that they have anything as worth while as yet. This plant, by the way, should not be confused with the " Guayule " plant (PartJienium argentatum) of Mexico, which is a rubber producer to an extent that makes its handling commercially profitable. — The Editor. THE COLORADO RUBBER GAME. THE arrival Is reported at Durango, Colorado, of three car- loads of machinery from Cleveland and Elyria, Ohio, for the use of The P. F. U. Rubber Co., mentioned in The India Rubber World (August i, 1905 — page 3S6) as having been incorporated in Michigan with $250,000 capital to operate under a license to Edward C. Dunbar, from the American Crude Rubber Co., a Colorado corporation, to extract rubber from " rabbit weed " (Picradenia floribunda utilis). Of this capitali- zition $175 000 is represented by the license. Mr. Dunbar is manager of the P. F. U. company ; Bethune Dutiield, secretary- treasurer, and J. D. Hudson president. All these are citizens of Detroit, Michigan. The Durango Herald says that Mr. Dunbar has " moved without undue haste in the matter of se- curing machinery," and it hopes that the experiments to be made will make the extraction of rubber " a fixed industry " in that section. A press despatch from Durango says: "This factory when complete will be the only plant in existence of its kind and will be capable of handling from 18 to 26 tons of the weed per day." In response to a request for further Information, Manager Dunbar advises The India Rubber World: " I beg to refer you to Mr. Frank R. Marsh, of Colorado Springs, Colorado, who will give you such information as Is deemed expedient to give at this stage of the game." Mr. Marsh is the gentleman who something more than a year ago promoted the American Crude Rubber Co., on a promise to have 10 factories making Colorado rubber, within 18 months, and who was active in sell- ing shares of stock with the help of a show window in a Denver street containing samples of rubber goods stated to have been made of the Colorado product. So tar as The India Rubber World can learn, manufacturers of rubber goods were never able to secure any rubber from Marsh, and efforts to obtain from him information for publication were unavailing. RUBBER STOPPERS AND APPENDICITIS. nPO the Editor of The India Rubber World: It appears •*■ that Dr. Pond, of Liverpool, has published in the London Lancet a new theory with reference to the origin of appendicitis and other disturbances of the digestive organs. He calls at- tention to the fact that such ailments often can be attributed to anliinonlal poisoning and the source of the antimony absorbed by man is said to be the rubber rings used to close all sorts of bottles. Dr. Pond seeks to establish the fact that such rings consist of almost one-third their weight of anti- mony. He says not only is the antimony dissolved by the mineral waters containing alkalies and organic acids, but these rubber rings, as daily observation shows, soon become brittle and some of the compound falls into the contents of the bottle. It may be noted that appendicitis is quite prevalent in the United States, where but little antimony cured rubber ever comes in contact with articles of food. Many persons have had the disease who never used any article that had antimony In it. The first case ever brought to my attention was In 1862 or 1863, which was before the date at which antimony be- gan to being used in connection with rubber. The disease has existed no doubt for a very long period, but In old times the patient either got well or died without the assistance of the surgeon. Now, thanks to Lester and antiseptic surgery, as soon as a person has an ache in the right side below his ribs he has to be operated upon. Sometimes they find that he has appendicitis; sometimes even that the patient has no ap- pendix. Dr. Pond's article reminds one of an old writer upon Chinese metaphysics. When asked how he managed to write on this subject he said that he had read up on metaphysics and also on Chinese in the encyclopedia, and had put the two articles together. So far as the rubber men are concerned they need feel no anxiety over Dr. Ponds " red rubber " scare, since they can produce rubber stoppers and rings that will answer every purpose and that can be guaranteed to be free from antimony. I think that If no one should have appendicitis until it is caused by antimony In rubber the business of the surgeons will have a collapse. s. v. sharples. Boston, Massachusetts, October sg, 1905. RUBBER FOR CHANNEL CEMENTS. TO the Editor of The India Rubber World: I am a reader of your Journal, and if it is not asking too much of a favor I would like to know what rubbers are best adapted to the manufacture of channel cements. I am experimenting on an article and channel cement answers my purpose best, owing to cost and adhesive qualities. I have tried red Massai, but it Is not as strong as the channel cement on the market. Trusting you can give this information, and thanking you In advance for same, I am. Very truly yours, v. d v. Akron, Ohio, October 11, 1905. November i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 47 PROGRESS OF RUBBER PLANTING. ANGLO-MALAY RUBBER CO., LIMITED. TH E prospectus of The Anglo Malay Rubber Co., Limited, registered October 9, 1905. in London, with a capital of ^150,000 [S729.975] in £1 shares, sets forth that its purpose is to acquire and work certain Para rubber estates in the Federated Malay States. Their aggregate area is estimated at 6331 acres, of which 1713 are under cultiva- tion mainly in coflee and rubber. The estates are " Linsum," "Siliau," "Terentang," "Gadut," " Ayer Silolo," and " Ayer Angat," in the state of Negri Sembilan, and " Batang Kali " and •■ Ulu Yam," in Selangor. The four first named were amal- gamated early in the year under the name Straits Rubber Estates, Limited, and now come within a larger scheme of amalgamation. The present vendor of all the properties is Herbert Wilford Brett, of Halliford. Middlesex (England), who accepts /5 1,000 in cash and ^{^46,500 in shares. The first issue (London, October 16) was at par of 140,000 shares, including 46,500 to the vendor, 51,000 to produce the cash due the vendor, and 42,500 for working capital. The board embraces Sir Frank A. Swettenham, k.c.m.g., late governor of the Straits Settle- ments, and Mr. Arthur Lampard, of Harrisons & Crosfield, large tea and produce merchants of London, Colombo and New York. The prospectus reports the rubber trees planted on the properties as follows : Sixteen to 2U years 250 Eight to 9 yeais 6,422 Seven years 6,081 Six years 34, 'SO Five years 34, 61 5 Four years 3,561 Three years and under. 120,900 Total 205,979 Mr. Lampard recently assured The India Rijbber World of his strong confidence in the future of rubber cultivation in the Far East, regarding it as the most important future planting interest. He feels that important as is rubber already in Ceylon, it is destined to become still more so in the Malay States, partly for the reason that lands are available there for rubber which have hitherto not been cultivated, while much of the land in Ceylon already has been planted with tea or other crops. He considers the present output from the Malay States as large as that from Ceylon. MR. BURGESS'S VIEWS ON EARLY TAPPING. Mr. p. J. Burgess, who recently was commissioned as " rub- ber expert "for the Federated Malay Slates, at the joint expense of the local government and the planters' associations, has re- turned to the Far East after a visit to Europe with a view to the study of certain rubber problems which could be pursued more satisfactorily there than at home. Stopping at Colombo, on his return, Mr. Burgess was interviewed by 7'/te Times of Ceylon, but was disposed to be reticent on the points covered by his studies for the reason that he did not wish to anticipate a re- port which he will make to the government. Mr. Burgess talked interestingly, however, on certain other points. He does not share the view that it is undesirable to tap rubber trees (Hevea) at four years of age. " It is really a question for the planters to decide for them- selves, but unless we can show some really bad result upon the tree by early tapping, I do not see why the tree should be left alone so long. I think you will find that there is no evidence whatever in support of the idea that early tapping puts too much strain on the tree and drains it prematurely. If I had a plantation myself, I should certainly tap early. There is a good deal of evidence against the theory of the premature strain. You cannot easily kill the rubber tree." '• But the latex would yield inferior rubber.'" " It would not be fit for the best uses." " Would not that atlect the reputation of plantation rubber .-'" Mr. Burgess does not see that plantation rubber has a" repu- tation." The prices, as he has already explained, are really in favor of the Brazilian rubber pound per pound of real rubber, after due allowance for the weight of the moisture in the South American product. " Besides, I don't see how it could aflfect the reputation of plantation rubber, if it were distinctly sold as immature rubber. Such rubber has its uses and would certainly command a sale. Why not sell then ? ' The suggestion with regard to leaving additional moisture in plantation rubber he said he had already fully dealt with in his communication to FJie Times 0/ Ceylon. With regard to the pc'ssibility of artificial substitutes ousting rubber, Mr. Burgess will deal fully in his report. BELGIAN CAPITAL IN MALAY PLANTATIONS. The organization is reported at Antwerp of the Federated Malay States Rubber Co., to take over from the Kajang Coffee and Rubber Co., Limited (8, George street, E. C, London), of a concession for 999 years granted by the sultan of Selangor, in the Federated Malay States, comprising 2339 acres under the names of " The West Country " and " Belmont " estates, there being under cultivation 851 acres in coffee, rubber, cocoanuts, and nutmegs. The capital is 2,000,000 francs | =§386,000] in 500 franc shares. The vendors receive 500,000 francs in shares and an equal amount of cash. The new company dates from August 3. 1905 ; the headquarters will be at Antwerp. The es- tates mentioned, together with others controlled by the Kajang Coffee and Rubber Co., Limited, have been under the joint management of M. Sidney Parry and E. B. Skinner, who are among the leading planters of the Malay States. Mr. Skinner is on the executive committee of the United Planters' Associa- tion. STRAITS SETTLEMENTS BOTANIC GARDENS. The annual report by Director H. N. Ridley, for 1904, men- tions that the demand for plants and seeds of Para rubber (He- vea Brasitinsis) was greater than the capacity of the gardens to supply. Ujring the year 170,175 seeds and 28.665 plants were disposed of, 100,000 seeds going to the forest department of Lower Burma. A special appropriation was made during the year of §1750 (silver) for experimental tapping of rubber trees, purchase of tools, and erection of a drying house. All trees of suitable size for tapping were numbered and registered with a view to a definite record of production under varying condi- tions being made for the benefit of planters. Altogether 12S5 trees were registered and 880 were tapped, with the prospect that the amount of dry rubber would average one pound per tree of average girth at three feet from the ground of 3 feet 3 inches. It is mentioned that the yield of dry rubber averages less per tree than was pointed to by earlier experiments, but the most recent production averages 97 per cent, of dry rubber, whereas formerly the loss in washing amounted from 35 to 40 per cent., and it is considered that the higher market value of 48 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, T905. the rubber produced now will more than offset the decreased weight. The Para rubber tree mentioned in previous reports was again tapped fourteen times between July 28 and Septem- ber 6, 1904, yielding 3 pounds 14 ounces of dry rubber, raising the total to 26 pounds 13 ounces for the nine consecutive years that it has been lapped— an average of nearly 3 pounds per year. BUKIT RAJAH RUBBER CO., LIMITED. Reference was made lately in The India Rubber World (page 376) to the report of this important plantation company, in Selangor, Federated Malay States, from which it appeared that the sales of produce during the first year of the working of the company as now formed, exceeded all expenses, includ- ing new development work during the year, by £gi, which was regarded as a favorable showing. At the beginning of the year covered by the report, there were growing on the plantation 10,000 rubber trees six years old, 22.000 five years old, 12,000 four years old, and 41,000 three years old, besides many thousands of younger trees. The rubber sold during the year amounted to 671 1 pounds, obtamed from the six year old trees. Those trees are now seven years old, and are expected to yield a larger product this year, besides which 22,000 trees have now become six years old, and are eligible for tapping this year, while an additional number will be ready every succeeding year. As mentioned last month, the company's estimate of this year's product is 25.000 pounds, which is regarded as reasonable by TAe Ttmis 0/ Cej'/on, which in an editorial on the company's report predicts that within a very few years the company will be paying 50 per cent, yearly dividends. The paid capital of the company is now nearly ;^ 60.000, and the quoted price for shares is ^'/i for i. PLANTED RUBBER IN BORNEO. The first tapping of planted rubber trees in British North Borneo occurred on June 24 on the Sekong estate, owned by the North Borneo Trading Co., near Sandakau, in the presence of a party of specially invited guests, headed by the Governor, the trip to the estate having been made on the Gov- ernor's yacht. His Excellency lapped the first tree and later removed from a number of other trees the tins of latix, which he emptied into the pails provided for the purpose, after which the Governor's wife, at the collecting depot, strained the latex prior to the beginning of the coagulating process. A bioscope was in operation all the while, from which it is inferred that the various processes are to be exhibited to the public in a series of moving pictures. Before the party sep- arated toasts were drunk to the success of the new enter- prise, amid much enthusiasm. The age of the rubber is not stated, but there were 32,000 Paid rubber trees on the estate in 1902, since which time 26,000 have been planted. VISITING AMONG RUBBER PLANTERS. ["from "the times Ol- CEYLON," SEPTEMBER 7 ] Mr. R. W. Harrison, of CuUoden estate, Neboda, who is recognized as the leading rubber planter in Ceylon, has just paid a brief visit to Selangor. He made his headquarters with Mr. J. B. Carruthers, the director of agriculture, but moved about all the time, and found Mr. \V. W. Bailey's motor car in- dispensable. It was placed at Mr. Harrison's disposal, and he was thus enabled to practically see the whole of the estates of Klang. Most of these are under Mr. Bailey's supervision, and his position in rubber planting affairs in the state is unique. Mr. Harrison also saw Mr. M. S. Parry. He has a high opinion of the general country and the estates under cultivation. Much of his time was occupied in visiting and reporting on properties belonging to companies with their offices either in Colombo or London. Mr. Harrison has also brought back some rambong {Ficits elastica) cuttings for St. George group, Kalutara. He enjoyed his visit, found every one hospitable, and returns in good health. VALLAMBROSA RUBBER CO., LIMITED. Registered April 22, 1904, at Edinburgh, Scotland, with offices at 123, George street, in that city; capital, /6o,ooo [ = $291,990], in £1 shares full paid. Own the " Vallambrosa" estate, at Klang, Selangor, Federated Malay States ; Mr. W. W. Bailey, chairman of the United Planters' Association, is agent ; Mr. H. M. Darby, manager. The original purchase embraced 1035 acres and 194,!^ acres have since been acquired. On the original purchase were 930 acres planted in rubber (189S to 1902), and 25 acres have been planted this year. The new ac- cessions include 75 acres in coffee, to be planted with rubber 17X17 feet. Sales of shares reported recently at /3. MILMEX LUMBER, RUBBER AND TRANSIT CO. [Plantation on the river Coatzacoalcos. slate of Oaxaca, Mexico. Office : Rail- way Exchange building, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.] Incorporated May 2, 1905, under Wisconsin laws; capital, $400,000. Have acquired 5000 acres adjoining the well known hactenda " Del Corte" o{ the Isthmus Plantation Association of Mexico, another Milwaukee enterprise. The object is to market lumber and plant rubber and other crops. Wilmer Sieg is president, C. W. Lenhart vice president, Paul E. Thomas secretary, W. I. Lane treasurer, and VV. H. Perthesius general agent — all business men in Milwaukee. THE CHICAGO RUBBER PLANTING CO. [Plantation near Palenquc, stale of Chiapas, Mexico, Offices: No. 6o.-j Ashland block. Chicago, Illinois.] The plantation of this company, which is incorporated under the laws of Illinois, comprises 500 acres purchased from the San Marcos Rubber Plantation Co. (Chicago), who have been in operation for some years and whose enterprise is understood to have made satisfactory progress. The officers are John W. Byam, president; T. S. Howell, general manager; Joseph L. Duplissis, treasurer ; and N. H. Byam, secretary. FEDERATED MALAY STATES. The administration report on Negri Sembilan, one of the Malay states, for 1904 mentions the exportsof 42 piculs [ = 5600 pounds] of cultivated rubber, against io>2 piculs [ = 1400 pounds] in 1903. What was known as the Government rubber estate, one half owned each by the government and Mr. T. H. Hill, was valued at $59 143 75 (silver) by Mr. E. V. Carey. The gov- ernment half share was disposed of to Mr. Hill fur $29 571.88, which amojnt was paid in January, 1905. The tapping of rubber is proceeding on a constantly increasing scale, and a very considerable output for 1905 is expected. The report men- tions that the 100 rupee shares of the Seremban Estate Rub- ber Co.. Limited, were quoted at the time of writing at 285 ru- pees. Several aoplications for land for rubber planting had been made during the year. SMOKING RUBBER IN CEYLON. Mr. R. C. Dickson, of the engineering department of the Co- lombo Commercial Co., Limited, has filed specifications at the Ceylon patent office of an invention to improve the method of coagulating and drying rubber. The new machine, the specifi- cations state, consists of a small furnace, on the top of which is a sm^ke box containing a large revolving drum. In the space between are a series of baffle plates to divert the fumes and in- sure that no flames or sparks pass into the smoke box. At one side is a shallow pan for receiving the latex. In this is a small roller partly immersed in the latex with its surface in contact with the surface of the large drum. A fire is placed in the fur- nace and the fumes are allowed to pass between the baffie plates and round the large drum to the chimney. When the desired November i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 49 temperature has been reached, the pan is li.led with latex (rom the feeder and the small roller is turned by hand or power. The surface of the small roller, being in contact with the surface of the large drum, turns it and at the same time spreads a thin film of latex on its surface. The action of the heat and fumes on the thin film of latex coagulates and dries it. Continuing the process, the latex is spread film by film, coagulated and dried, until a thick deposit of rubber surrounds the large drum. A damper between the furnace and the smoke box is shut and a door in the smoke box opened. The rubber on the drum is slit across with a knife and unrolled in a long sheet which can be cut to any size for packing. The antiseptic qualities of the fumes, it is claimed, tend to preserve the rubber. — The Times of Ceylon, Aui^ust 2. RUBBER PRODUCTION IN THE ACRE. The journal C /"«»>, of Rio de Janeiro, summarizes the re- port of the prefect of the department of the Upper Jurua, one of the three divisions of the new Federal territory, covering the first six months of his administration, and submitted to the Brazilian minister of the interior. The population of the de- partment IS estimated at 5974. The nn^vih^xoi seringaes (rubber producing camps) is 112. The exports of rubber from this de- partment from October, 1904, to March, 1905, inclusive, amount- ed to 3313372 kilograms, valued at 23.193.604 milreis, the average price of rubber being 7 milreis, while the expense of administration of the department did not exceed 600.000 milreis. The valuation given, with exchange estimated to average 13 pence during the six months, equalled $6,11 1,998.53_ gold. The report is accompanied by tables and a map, with a valuable resume ol information regarding the department. These figures of yield indicate a very rich rubber field. Over 1200 pounds produced for every inhabitant, and in less than a full working season would be impossible in the older rubber districts of the Amazon. Besides, it must be understood that the whole population is not capable of working rubber. It would appear that an average of a ton for each rubber worker must have resulted — a wonderful result when it is realized that a single rubber tree yields at each tapping only a lew spoon- fuls of latex, nearly half of which evaporates in the " smoking." RUBBER PLANTING IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL. The Rio journal O Cafesista for August contained a report on the successful growing of manigoba rubber {Manthot Glazio- vit) on \.\\e. fazenda "Bella Allianra," vargem Alegre, state of Rio de Janeiro, owned by Senhor Mauricio Haritifl, oneof theleading agriculturists of the state, who, in view of the lessened profits from coffee culture, planted manii;oba rubber instead, and has already extracted a product which has been most favorably re- ceived in Europe. O Oifesista mentions that the secretary of agriculture of the state of SHo Paulo commissioned three lead- ing planters of that state to visit " Bella .'Mlianra," to study the excellent results obtained there from planting rubber. Mention is made of plantation mani(;oba rubber sold recently in London at 100 milreis per 1 5 kilograms, which at the recent high rate of exchange equalled $1.19,^ per pound. PLANTATIONS AND PLANTERS. MONERAKELLE Rubber Estates, Limited, registered in Lon- don, September 8, 1905, with /25.000 capital [ = $121,662.50] to acquire the Monerakelle and three other estates in the Mon- eragala district of Ceylon and to carry on there and elsewhere the business of rubber and general planters and merchants. One of the directors is A. Bethune, director of the Federated (Selangor) Rubber Co., Limited. Registered office: 12, Fen- church street, E. C, London. The four estates embrace 1044 acres, of which 22 are now planted in rubber and 353 in cacao. =Sembilan Estates Co., Limited, registered in London Sep- tember 8, 1905, with /jo.ooo capital [=$243,325] to acquire property and cultivate rubber and other products. No public issue. Directors: H. Gilliat, A. E. Gilliat, and T. E. Hurst- Hodgson, merchants of England. Registered office: 4, Crosby square, E. C. London. = Mr. J. B. Carruthers, director of agriculture of the Feder- ated Malay States, in order that planters who were unable to visit the Agri-Horticultural show at Penang might see the fine display of rubber made there, arranged with the owners to have an exhibition of the prize winning samples for one day at his office in Kuala Lumpur. Mr. G. D. Russell also gave an ex- hibition of a new rubber coagulating machine tor which he has applied for a patent. = The Malay Mail hears that two Ceylon planters, Messrs. Greig and Volum, will apply for 1000 acres of land for rubber planting in the Kuala Selangor district, Federated Malay States. = The seventh annual report of Klanang Produce Co., Lim- ited, shows an acreage of 144 acres in Pard rubber and 80 Rambong {Ficiis elas/ica) at the beginning of the year; 96^ acres planted with rubber and cofTee during the year, and 360 acres cleared for rubber. Application has been made for about 300 acres additional of government land. The company derive a satisfactory rate of income from cocoanuts and cofTee, and large profits are confidently expected from rubber. The whole of the company's share capital of ,£20.000 has been issued. The £t shares have been quoted recently in London at £3 5^. AMAZON "PARA" RUBBER AND ITS CONTENTS. [fRO.M the " CEYLON OHSERVEK," AUGUST 28.] BEING of the first importance to British rubber planters in the East we quote elsewhere the article written by Mr. Ayme, the American consul, on the custom of blending Sapium aucttparium with the true " Pard " or Hevea Brasiliensis, and the information about the former tree. The discovery that this has been done for some time is due to investigations by two foreigners. Professor Henri Jumelle and Dr. Jacques Huber. The India Rubber World finds in it a most important ar- gument for rubber cultivation ; " for who could imagine, if the Amazonian product had come from cultivated trees, that the planters could for years have been blending the latex of two different sorts " in no fixed proportion, and " neither the man- ufacturer nor the student of the subject, be a particle the wiser." This is decidedly true in that cultivated Pard is bound to give better results than wild, as it has been known hitherto ; but as South American Pard rubber, used hitherto as a standard of unit value, has always been priced about i shilling below the best plantation, it shows that the trade, if they were not aware of the contents of the smoke dried article, at least valued it on a lower plane than what they took to be its equivalent pro- duced away from the native habitat of the producing tree. It is suggested by the above quoted authority that perhaps now it will be found that it is not defective coagulation or in- activity of the producing trees that causes inferiority of tensile strength in the " cultivated " product but just the absence of blending, which has naturally resulted in less purity. Mixing of various latices has, of course, long been done in Africa also by natives — especially in parts where natives &rt forced to hT\ng in so much rubber and cannot be particular as to which plant or tree it comes from, or whether it is from one or more species. The result is that low prices are obtained, latex of Landolphias useless for rubber purposes often being thrown in. The evidence so far is that the tensile strength of smoked rubber from the Sapium is less than that of Hevea rubber ; but 50 THE INDIA RUBBER AA^ORLD [November i, 1905. rubber gatherers profess ignorance on the subject generally, through fear of the contractors they work for. Nevertheless a big field of enquiry as to the blending of latices of various rubber producing trees, of which Hevta Brasiliensis, Castilloa, and Ceara rubber are (in order) so far the chief, is now presented. It would take the life time of a chemical expert or two to dis- cover which is the best resulting blend. It seems to us that the rubber industry with its various blends — which, be itnoted, would be made before reaching the market of consumption (the American suggestion to leave manufacturers to do their own blending overlooks the fact that the particular " blending " in question must occur long before the manufacturer is reached, namely at the place of production) — may in time become as complicated as the tea industry is after the tea has reached the buyers' hands, at which point blending in the tea trade begins. From the information presented to-day, there would appear to be even greater need than before for a Ceylon officer like Mr. Frederick Lewis, to be detached for investigation in South America, and to enquire specially in regard to rubber blending in Pari; while the field for study, before our local "rubber " experts-to-be (the chemical analyst, Mr. Bamber,and his assist- ant, Mr. Bruce) has been appreciably widened — through the work of Mr. Henri Jumelle and Dr. Huber and the attention drawn to it by the American consul in Para. YIELD OF PLANTED "PARA" RUBBER. TO THE Editor of The Indi.\ Rubber World : Referring to the following extract from your October i issue (page 30), there seem to the writer to be some discrepancies in it, and he would like to call your attention to the same: The London correspondent of The Tinu-s of Ceylon vix'Mes,: "Talk- ing to the director of a Straits rubber company this week, he mentioned that on their property too coolies a day were hard at work tapping and bringing in 12 ounces a day. The yield per tree (the trees being from si-t to seven years old) was some 6 ounces from the one tapping, and the manager estimated that the yield per tree for the year would be i^ pounds of rubber per tree operated upon. The first consignment sold last week at bs. ^d. [=$l.50j^]." First, the statement is made that loo coolies are bringing in 12 ounces a day; should not this read i2 pounds per man? Second, the amount received from a consignment is mentioned in the last line at 6.;. 7(/. or$i.5o|s. Ought this not to be $1.59;^? NORTON H. BYAM, Secretary Chicago Rubber Planting Co. Chicago, Illinois, October 7, 1905. The paragraph quoted was given space in accordance with our policy to compile from whatever source data bearing upon the yield of rubber trees of different species and under varying conditions. We do not know what plantation was referred to in the Ceylon newspaper; the point which concerned us was that He^iea trees "six to seven years old " yielded in a year ijg pounds of rubber each, or more than 200 pounds per acre, the general practice being to plant 200 trees to the acre. Later issues of The Times of Ceylon have devoted much at- tention to the rate of yield of Para rubber {Hevea) under culti- vation, and the working force needed. Mr. G. H. GoUedge, writing in the issue of August 17, regardsthree coolies per acre sufficient for tapping rubber planted 200 trees to the acre, so long as the yield is only one pound per tree; as the trees in- crease in size and the yield becomes larger an additional num- ber of coolies would be required. He says: " A cooly should tap from 40 to 80 trees per day, according to size of trees - - - Latex from the 80 trees produces one pound of dry rubber." It must be kept in mind that the Para rubber tree in the Far East, as on the Amazon, is tapped many times during the year. the yield at each tapping being very small. Where 100 coolies are referred to above as bringing in 12 ounces each per day, the idea is that they will do this the year round. The " one tap- ping " referred to is one period or season of tapping; to gain I Is pounds of rubber per tree would involve three such periods of tapping in a year, 6 ounces for each period. In the issue of August 18, Mr. Francis J. Holloway estimates that one cooly — for tapping alone — should be able to take care of 125 trees per day up to the time that they yield 3 pounds of rubber each per year, and he gives figures to show that 100 coolies— for tapping and curing rubber — should be sufficient for 100 acres of rubber, planted 200 trees to the acre and yielding 600 pounds of rubber per acre, but this involves working every day in the year. His figures analyzed show an average collec- tion of about 2 pounds daily for each hand employed at.tapping, but this refers to older and more productive trees than on the Straits plantation mentioned by Mr. Byam. Mr. W. W. Bailey writing in the issue of August 19 says: "Our men bring in from i to \\i and lYt pounds of rubber per day per man, and when our trees get older we shall get 2 pounds per man per day." But supposing one man brings in only one pound per day, and works only 300 days in the year, 666 tappers would be able to take 200.000 pounds of rubber from 1000 acres. The writers quoted above are among the leading Ceylon and Straits planters of rubber. The above figures of yield seem liberal, in view of the fact that mature native rubber trees in the state of Pard are tapped perhaps 100 times in a year to obtain often less than 5 pounds of rubber, though trees never before tapped may yield 10 pounds. None of these considerations, however, apply necessarily to other species of rubber than Hevea, and this, we assume, is not the species our correspondent is planting. The London price mentioned is a misprint for $1.60^8, the equivalent of the English value, converted at $4.8665 per £. —The Editor. PLANTING MONEY INSTEAD OF RUBBER. THE" directors " of The International Rubber and Trading Co. (successor to Mr. John Cudahy's Para Rubber Plan- tation Co.) continue to have fun with the misguided investors in their merry game of fraud in the name of rubber. Recently a printed notice was sent out to the stockholders, without date or mention of place of origin, but signed — H. S. PERKINS, HARVEY HARDING. Secretary. President. — stating that an "annual " meeting had been held at Phoenix, Arizona, at which had been ratified the proceedings of a "spe- cial " meeting at Phanix the day before, and another at Chi- cago still earlier ; that a board of directors had been chosen, with full power to retire stock and issue bonds; that the directors had elected officers and "a general manager who, with our chosen working representatives in the field " was leaving for South America, where " the working season for rubber " is from July to January. No names except as above — no figures — nothing but the de- tails just quoted, and the assertion : The foregoing statement seems to the board of directors suft'icient evidence without going further into details, as to who controls the prop- erty of the International Rubber and Trading Co., and the only reply needed by our intelligent stockholders to any statements that claim otherwise. How the authors of the circular must have laughed when writing " intelligent stockholders !" But did Mr. John Cudahy — in case he is still a stockholder — laugh when he got one of the circulars? November 1905] THE INDIA RUBBER W^ORLD 51 RECENT RUBBER I^ATENIS. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Issued August 22, 1905. NO. 797.654, Playing ball. R. G. Wingfield, North Wales, Pa. 797.707- Obstetrical pad. E. H. Pearson, Washington, I). C. 797,757. Anti slipping attachment for vehicle tires. W. J. Smith, Ca- nastota, N. V. 797.796. Hose or pipe coupling. E. Devlin, assignor to J. T, Scott, both of San Krancisco. 797.830. Hose rack. C. Wright. Everson. Pa., assignor to Wright Manufacturing Co., Wilkinsburg station, Pittsburgh. 797,865. Tool for wire binding hose to water pipes. A. J. Novachesky> Chicago. 7971895. Horseshoe. Rachel Johnson, Madison, Fla. 767,908. Eraser. [Comprising a hollow piece of erasing material and a squeeze bulb attached thereto.] C. E. McGill, Owensboro, Ky. 797,927. Nozzle. F. I.. Titswortb, Kenosha, Wis., and H. B. .Sher- min. Battlecreek, Mich., assignors to The H. H. Sherman Manu- facturing Co. 797,989. Razor strop, E. Tolman, assignor of one half to G. H. Bra" brook, both of Taunton, Mass. Issued August 29, 1905. 798,137. Air brake hose. Frank A. Magowan. Trenton, N. J. 798,149. Stopper for water bags. C. O. Towne, Torrington, and J- H. Woodward, Waterbury, Conn., assignors to The Waterbury Brass Goods Corporation. 798,185. Vehicle tire. [Pneumatic] H. E. Irwin, Galesburg, III. 798,195. Pneumatic tire protector. A. J. Locher and J. A. Predom, Auburn, Cal. 798,199. Piston rod packing. C. C. Mason, Wilkesbarre, Pa, 798,225. Tire for wheeled vehicles. F. A. Sterling, London, England* 798,407. Fountain comb. P. L. Frost, Chicago. 798,441. Hose coupling. L. R. Nelson, Boulder, Col. 798,460. Band for hand stamps. L. K. Scotford, Chicago. 798,508. Pneumatic tire cap. H. Harmon, assignor to The Harmon Manufacturing and Distributing Co., both of Chicago. Issued Ski'temrer 5, 1905. 798,608. Milking apparatus [for cows]. J. T. Hoover, Waterloo, Iowa, assignor to The Sanitary Cow Milking Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 798.655. Fountain pen. W. Bolles, assignor of one half to J. L. Chase, both of Toledo, Ohio. 798,71s. Storm shield for vehicles. C. F. Wensinger, Fremont, Ohio. 798,728. Vehicle wheel. J. E. Harrod, Indianapolis, Ind. 798,767. Rubber shoe. [Claim, i. A molded rubber shoe having the margin inclosing the mouth of the shoe and the sole portion denser than the uppers, as described. 2. A homogeneous rubber shoe having flexible uppers, the sole portion and the margin inclos- ing the mouth of the shoe being denser than the uppers, as describ- ed.] II. J. Doughty, Providence, R. I., assignor to Atlantic Rub- ber Shoe Co. 798,795. Hose coupling. A. J. Itrich and W. F. J. Lutz, Chicago. 798,815. Tire for vehicles. H. P. Maxim, Pittsburgh, Pa. 798,827. Combined hose shut-off and door-opener. P. Pierce, Ken- osha, Wis. 798,893. Breast pump. U. D. Ezell, Kimball, Tex. 798,895. Rod packing [for pistons]. O. J. Garlock, Palmyra, N. Y., assignor to The Garlock Packing Co. 798,952. Golf tee and blank therefor. O. R. Coast. New York city. Trade Marks. 5,846. Rubber insulating compound. The Okonite Co., Ltd., New York city. Essential feature. — The word OKONITE printed on the representation of a semi circular section of rubber-covered metal conductor. 7,372. Packing composed of both asbestos and rubber. OseoodSayen, Philadelphia. Essential feature.— llbe word TORPEDO, 7,932. Fabric hose. American Multiple Fabric Co , Providence, R. I. Essential feature. — The words BAKER HOSE, between which is ar- ranged a triangle, within which is the letter B. 8,253. Rubber packing, Gibbens & Stream, New Orleans. Essential feature. — The letters ALLA. The first L is about twice the size of the others and is placed between an A and an L. The second A is placed beneath the first L. Issued September 12, 1905. 799'037. Recoil pad for guns. A. T. Duncan, Clinton. Mo. 799.057. Horseshoe [with rubber cushion]. J. T. Hufty, Delavan, III. 799,094. Clamping device for pneumatic tires. M. C, Schweioert, West Hoboken, N. J., and H. P. Kaft, New York city. 799,164. Pneumatic tire. T. B. Jeflery, Kenosha, Wise. 799,216. Syringe. [Vaginal.] F. C. Barnes, Fremont, Ohio. 799,270. Exerciser. E. Roland, New York city. 799,278. Tire for wheels. B. T. L. Thomson, Clapham Common, England. 799,293. Detachable securing means for tires. I. Baker, Pasadena, Cal. 799,297. Fountain pen. J. F. Betzler, Akron, Ohio. 799,301. Train hose coupling. I. I. Caskey, Columbus, Ohio. 799,355. Bathing cap. W. F. Pfeiffer, Akron, Ohio. 799,374, Rubber fabric [for tires], C. H. Gray. Silvertown, and T. Sioper, Devizes, England — Sloper assignor to Gray. 799,390, Baby cabinet. M. A. Kuykendall, Portland, Ore. 799 534- Pressure pad for gilder's tools. W, H, Coe, Providence, R. I. 799,547. Horse collar. G. E. DuBois, assignor of one half to F. R. Egee, both of Lenora, Kans. 799. 551. Antiskidding device for vehicles and cycles. II. S. Eyre. St. Leonardson-Sea, England. 799,575. Pneumatic carpet cleaner. E. E. Overholt, Washington, D. C. 799.618. Eraser holder. J. C. St. John, assignor to Nehokist Mfg. Co., both of Boston. Trade Marks. 7,062. Elastic webbing. The Russell Mfg. Co., Middletown, Conn. Essential feature. — The representation of a camel bearing a rider with a spear in his hand and speeding across a desert represented by palm trees and pyramids in the backgpound. 8,882. Fountain pens of the self-filling type. The Conklin Pen Co., Toledo, Ohio. Essential feature. — -The representation of a hand holding a fountain pen in an ink well, with a cuff and a portion of a coat sleeve at the wrist. Issued Septemuer 19, 1905. 799,638. Resilient tire for road wheels. A. Ducasble, Neuilly, France. 799.659. Ear trumpet. G. G. Lewis, Syracuse, N. Y. 799.662. Covering for automobile tires. B. Nathan, New York city. 799,681. Manufacture of tiling. [Described in The I.ndia Ruhher World, February i, 1905 — page 160.] J. A. Sloan, Trenton, N.J. 799.685. Boot [consisting of a low rubber foot portion ; a woven fabric top secured thereto ; and having leather extending upwardly from the top of the foot portion]. E. G. Stearns, Chicago. 799.777. Self filling fountain pen. R. Conklin, Toledo, Ohio. 799,786. Cushion and pump for vehicles. W. S. Freel, Bay City, Mich. 799,806. Nursing bottle. [Nipple.] E. H. Simonds, Berkeley, Calif. 799,859. Vehicle tire. [Claim. A tire comprising a flexible tube filled with a mass of hollow soft rubber bullets each containing gas in a state of high compression, whereby each bullet is distended to such an extent that it conforms throughout to the adjoining bullets or wall of the tube, the gas in each bullet being capable of expanding t -.e bullet far beyond its normal capacity when the bullet is released from confinement.] Frank A. Magowan, Trenton, N. J. 799,895. Massage appliance. [Rubber brush, the massaging surface formed of the ends of suction cups.] J. E. Doughty and J. R. Sanford, Winsted, Conn. 799.897. Fountain pen. W. I. Ferris, Stamford, Conn., assignor to L. E. Waterman Co., New York city. 799,915. Hose coupling. J. Metzgler, North Braddock, Pa. 800,039. Fountain pen. F. E. Williams, Janesville, Wis. 800,112. Tire for vehicle wheels. J. A. Jones, Ilarrisburg, Pa. 800,129. Self filling fountain pen. R. W^ Corham, Seymour, Conn. Trade Marks. 4,282. Horseshoe pads. Revere Rubber Co., Boston. feature.— The word ELITE. Essential [NoTK. — Printed copies of specitications of United States patents may be ob- tained from The India Rubber World office at to cents each, postpaid.] 52 THE INDIA RUBBER 'WORLD [November i, 1905. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Patent Specifications Published. The number given is that assigned to the Patent at the filing of the Applica- tion, which in tlie case oftliose listed below was in 19C4. • Denotes Patents for A merican Inventions, [Abstr\ctkd in the Official Journal, Sf.i-thmlkr 6, 1905.] Preserve jar ring. A. J. Krummeich, Rotterdam, Hol- Keservoir pen. A. K. Cole, Kidderminster. Revolving boot heel. F. A. Ellis and D. Iloneywood, 10,913 (1904). land. 10,931 (1904). II. 134 {1904). London. 1 1,156 (1904). Electric cable. [While stranding electric cables, a tape of Chatterton's or other suitable plastic compound is laid on each layer or strand so as to be squeezed into the interstices of the sitands by the succeeding layer ] C. J. Beaver and E. A. Claremont, Knutsford, Cheshire. 11,240(1904). Waterproof cases for playing balls. G, W. T. l.eeson and VV. Hill, Solihull. Warwickshire. 1 1,244 (1904). C.olf ball [formed of hollow shell of a composition con- taining celluloid as the chief constituent and mixed with a heavy material to give weight.] C. de Biiren, Geneva, Switzerland. •11,360 (1904). Construction of punching bags, footballs, and the like. A. Lindsay, East Orange, New Jersey. [AaSTRACTBD IN TMB OFFICIAL JoUBNAL, Sf.I'TEMURR 13, 19O5.] 11,422 (19O4). E.ierclsing apparatus. W. Sutton and S. Lord, Liver- pool, and W, S. Kerr, Southport. 11,426(1904). Pneumatic tire [protected from puncture by transverse metal plates]. H. David, Paris, France. 11,462(1904). Rim for pneumatic tires [with one detachable flange or retaining ring]. A. H. Culley and D. E Brown, Forrest Hill, Kent. 11,516(1904). Pneumatic tire [protected from puncture by a chain of metal plates between cover and inner tube]. F. Nusch, London, (L. Vanderpere-Simon, Ixelles, Belgium.) 11,624(1904). Air cushion. E. Katzenstein, Berlin, Germany. 11,771(1904). Pneumatic tire [protected from slipping by a ribbed cover built up of metallic links]. R. E". P. Craven, Armley, Leeds. 11,782 (1904). Life belt. F'. C. N. Parizot, Bremen, Germany. 11,795 (1904). Leather protector for pneumatic tires. J. Lines, War- rington. 11,858(1904). Hose coupling [for railway air brake]. E. C. Ladner, N. J. Kessels, and C. E. Hayes, Brisband, (,)ueensland. *il,86i (1904). Pneumatic tire [with protective pad of asbestos]. C. W. Maxon, West Bay City, Michigan. 11,918(1904). Heel protector. C. J. Axten, London, and W. May, East Ham. I VhSTRACTED IN THE OfFICIAU JoURNAL, SEPTEMBER 20, 1905 } 11,924(1904). Two part rim for elastic tire. C. P. E. Schneider, Le Cieusot, France. 12,148(1904). Pneumatic tire [with non skidding band of leather]. E. Stachl, Bristol. •12,169(1904). Obstetric operating pad. H. J. Haddan, London. (Meinicke & Co., New York.) •12,301 (1904). Waterproof suits for swimming. N. B. Lawson, Mus- kegon, Michigan. 12,401 (1934). Pneumatic tire [having a tread notched transversely to prevent slipping]. T. Jackson and A. Miles, Cheltenham. 12,463(1904). Pneumatic tire [with means for automatically closing punctures]. E. Montecuccoli, Vienna, Austria. f Abstracted IN THE Official Journal, Skptbmber 27,1905.1 12,511(1904). Mold for golf balls. P. H. Haddleton, London. ■ 2,533(1904). Mold for pneumatic tire covers. A. J. Boult, London (J. M. Piquera, Paris, France.) 12,524 (1904). Pneumatic tire [prevented from creeping by pins in wardly projecting from the rim flanges and entering eyeletted holes in the thickened edges of the tire]. A. S, Morrison, Pinner, Mid dlesex. 12,661 (1904). Grip for handle of a cricket bat or game club. E. L Curbishley, Manchester. 12,705 (1904). Fountain pen filler. J. M. Nolan and A. K. Watts London. • 12,892 (1904). Apparatus for soling leather boots with India-robber G. F. Butterfield, Boston, Massachusetts. 12,911 (1904). Packing rim for valves. A. E. Davis, Johannesburg Transvaal. * 12,912 (1904). Pneumatic motor tire [consisting of a rubber covered annulus made of metallic wire spirals]. T. Midgley, Columbus, Ohio. 12,933(1904). Elastic tire [having a series of spiral springs fitted in compression between it and the wheel rim]. E. W. Bache, West Bromwich. 12,999 (1904). Pneumatic tire [constructed of a number of independent air chambers. F. G. McKin, London. 13,006 (1904). Pneumatic tire [with protective metallic treadj. A. Pereno, London, and J. Coulon, West Kensington. Patents Applied For — 1905. Space is given here only to Applications for Patents on Inventions from the United States. 17,691. J. J. Bowes, Jr., Washington City, Hose coupling. Sept. I. 17,842. The British Thomson Houston Co., Ltd., London. Improve- ments in and relating to wire coating machines. (The General Electric Co.. Schenectady, New York.) THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. Patents Issued (Wuh Dates of Application). 256 (Feb. 24, 1905). Firm of Geoflroy & Delore. Covering of 352 352 352. 352 352 352 352, 352 352, 352. 352. 352 352. 352. 352: 352. 352. 353, 353. 353, 353 353 353 353. 353 353 353 353 very fine copper wires for electrical purposes. 365 (March 14). J. M. Padgelt. Device for repairing pneumatic tires. 371 (March 14). Firm of Robinson Brothers, Ltd., and Mr. Clift. Process of reclaimine rubber. [See The India Rubber World, October i — page 11 ] 407 (March 15). R. Dersonne de Sennevoy. Air chamber with independent sections for tires. 416 (March 15). Dr. Alexander and Fosnansky. Elastic tire. 426 (March 16). J. Magnin. Detachable anti-skidding protector for pneumatic tires. 450 (March 16). R. A. Soret. Hoof pad. 488 (March 22). A. Berthelier. Pneumatic tire and rim. 504 (March 18). E. M. M. Houel. Double carriage suspension by metallic springs and pneumatic tubes. 535 (March 20). B. T. L. Thomson. Wheel tire. 598 (March 21). W. R. Sine and J. S. Rosenthal. Improvements in the manufacture of Caoutchouc articles. [Process of the Rein- forced Hard Rubber Co., Jersey City, United States.] 6 ig (March 22). F. Veith. Air chamber for pneumatic tires. F. M. Miller. Hoof pad. J. H. Bontemps. Protected air chamber for 682 (March 24). 694 (March 24). pneumatic tires. 715 (March 20), S27 (March 29). 839 (March 29) L. J. Vialle. L. L. Picat. Elastic tire. Nonpuncturable tube for pneumatic J. L. Didier. Pneumatic tire. D. Couverchel. Armored pneumatic tire cover. P. de Schostakourky. Process of spinning cov- ers over vulcanized Caoutchouc tubes. 1 10 (April 7). L Noel. Valve for pneumatic tires. 121 (April7 ). F. Beauvois. Method of attaching anti-skidding elastic tires. 138 (April 7). 202 (April 6). tires. 385 (April 15). 413 (April 15). 436 (Feb. 16). matic tires. 438 (Feb. 17)- bias cut bands 469 (April 14). cover. 491 (April 17), The Swinehart Clincher Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, United States. Elastic tire. 527 (April 17). E. Lapierre. Protector for pneumatic tires. Dravy and Medhurst. Pneumatic tire. De Dion and Bouton. Elastic tire. B. H. Chameroy. Anti-skidding protector for pneu- A. L. Adams. Rolling up machine for straight or A. de Mans. Tire with anti-skidding reinforced [Note. — Printed copies of specifications of French patents may be obtained from R Bobet, Ingenieur-Counseil, 16 avenue de Villiers, Paris, at 50 cents each, post paid.] Liberia. — The Liberian Development Co.. Chartered and Limited (London), have registered a lien for /4000 [ = $19466] in 7 per cent, debentures, charged on 15,000 fully paid £\ shares in the subsidiary Monrovian Rubber Co., Limited, through which is held the concession for gathering rubber in Liberia. November i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 53 NEW GOODS AND SPECIALTIES IN RUBBER. THE COILE BATH TUB. THIS is a soft rubber, inflatable, collapsible bath tub, with- out wooden or metallic stays or bars, designed for the purpose of conveniently and safely administering the Brand (bath) treatment to typhoid fever patients and others requiring this treatment, without necessitating their re- moval from the bed. The bath is recognized by the medical profession generally as the best known treatment in typhoid fever, but its use is limited by a lack of suitable bath apparatus. The best authorities agree that whenever the Brand treatment has been used it has greatly reduced the mortality rate. The device patented by Dr. Henry P. Coile, Knoxville, Tennessee, and here illustrated, is a full sized bath tub with an air pump attached. The bottom of the tub is a strong oval rubber sheet. The walls attached to the margin of the bottom are a series of superimposed communicating horizontal air chambers, extend- ing entirely around the bottom. Inflated they form a strong air cushioned wall ; collapsed they form a border around the bottom which is not of sufficient thickness to be in the way of helping the patient on or oR the deflated tub. Air escape valves are placed on both ends of the tub, which serve the purpose of allowing it to rapidly collapse alter the bathing has been done. On a level with the bottom is a funnel sleeve through which water may be poured into the tub. It serves also the important function of quickly emptying the tub when desired, by lowering its extremity into a vessel on the floor at the side of the bed. This is essentially a portable bath. The tub, pump, towels, rubbers, and sponges may be packed for easy transportation in a suit case and carried by a boy or conveyed by a physician in his carriage to the patient without inconvenience. It may be used on a suitable hospital carriage or a table, but is especially designed for use on the patient's bed. The United States patent on this device. No. 755.747, was dated March 29, 1904. DR. TULLAR's FRENCH DOUCHE. This new syringe is made entirely of rubber, and has many advantages over other syringes of similar appearance. The patent vaginal spray- ing dilator is entirely different from all others. It is made .91^ °f highly polished jets tocome indirect contact with allsurfaces. With the "French douche," the outflow of injected fluid is not obstructed, as with the old style syringe ; it flows along the spiral grooves, thor- oughly deterging the entire passage. This syringe being made with a special bulb, and also extra large valves and supply pipe, has four times the spraying capacity of bulb syringes of this general appearance ; with one insertion of the pipe any quantity of water or medication, may be used. [The Seamless Rubber Co., New Haven, Connecticut.] PEERLESS RUBBER WAINSCOTING. The illustration hard rubber, and has curved dilating flanges or extensions, which keep the parts expanded when in use, causing the 28 spray re- lates to an entirely new material for wainscoting bathrooms and lavato- ries in parlor and sleep- ing cars, hospitals, and the like. It is absolutely impervious to liquids, thereby presenting a surface thoroughly sani- tary, clean, and hygienic. It will not crack or peel. It is made in sheets of any width to 36 inches, and in any length that may be desired. As made usually the thick- ness of body is ,',; inch, the molding '/s inch, and base X inch. The trade is invited to ask for samples and prices. [The Peerless Rubber Manufacturing Co., New York.] -STEARNS'S PUNCTURE RESISTING TIRE. In a new form of pneumatic motor tire the inflatable inner tube has wrapped about it two or more puncture resisting pads, the whole being protected by an outer sheath. The form of one of these protective pads is shown in cross section in the lower part of the illustration ; the general form of construction in the upper part. Each pad consists of a casing of thin rub- ber, filled with cotton fiber in the form of felt. Between each two pads, and between the last pad and the outer cover, is a thin layer of rub- berized cotton duck, designed as a " binder "to hold the different parts of the tire more closely together. The inflation of the inner tube serves to compact the fiber pads, and thus add to their resistance to puncture. Besides, the alternation of pads and "binders" renders a nail, for example, less liable to penetrate to the air tube than if the protective body were in a single layer, even if equal in thickness to the tire as now constructed. This tire has been patented by William F. Stearns, a rubber factory superintendent at Batavia, New York ; United States patent No. 794,197. 54 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1905. NEW AUTOMOBILE APPAREL. In the way of novelties in automobile clothing this season, particularly noticeable are rubber surface goods in tan, terra cotta, pearl, and other colors, which are not only new butattractive. These are to be seen in garments for both men and women, and in ad- dition to "auto CAP WITH CAPE. shirts," coats and cloaks, they are also made up into hats, caps, etc., to match. One of the illustra- tions herewith shows an Auto Shirt, which while it is the original garment made for automo- bile purposes, still remains popular and has a very large sale. It is put on the sameas a shirt, has storm AUTO SHIRT. SOU'WESTER. fly front, draw strings at collar and sleeves, and is cut full in length and skirt. This is made in all the colors mentioned above, in addition to black, white, and pearl. For ladies' wear similar goods are made up into cloaks with detachable hood. Two other illus- trations relate to sou'wester hats and caps with capes. These, by the way, comprise only a few of the items of interest in the latest catalogue of Hodgman Rubber Co. (Nos. 806 S08 Broad- way, New York). A NEW STYLE IN FOUNTAIN SYRINGES. Fountain syringes have been not only improved in effec- tiveness by the constant eflorts of inventors from the date of the first introduction of such goods in use, but, like many other articles in rubber, they continue to be brought out in novel styles, which add to their attractiveness, as well as possessing new advantages. The cut herewith relates to a distinct novelty in the matter of appearance of the class of goods referred to. The bag illustrated may be described as resembling very closely a ladies' chatelaine hand bag. The top is provided with a handle, as if to be carried by hand, and with a chain. The principal idea is to render the article as inconspicuous as possible. Rut the main object is to provide a fountain syringe which will remain unnoticed if any stranger accidentally gazed into the owner's grip when she was traveling. [Whitall Tatum Co., New York.] "peerless" sponge landing pad. The interior of the firemen's landing pad illustrated in this cut is porous and spongy. When a fireman "sliding down the pole " lands on this pad the air in the cells is compressed, and it expands again when the pressure is removed. Made from pure Pard rubber such a pad is sufficiently elastic to take up any jar and shock caused by landing on it. It is referred to as being very durable and lasting, and it maybe added that it is listed higher than the air cell or cushion pads. [The Peerless Rubber Manufacturing Co., New York.l "hemisphere" cuspidor mats. The illustration relates to a new and attractive design for a rubber mat which serves excellently for use under cuspidors, pitchers, flower pots, and the like, and is made with a raised border to pre- vent damage to carpets and floors from water running over. This mat IS particularly suitable for hotels, public buildings, steamboats, rail- way stations and cars, conserva- tories, and porches. A design pat- ent has been applied for. The mats are made in sizes from 12 inches to 18 inches in diameter, and listed at $7 to §1 1 per dozen. [The New Jersey Car Spring and Rubber Co., Jersey City, New Jersey.] PROGRESS IN COLOMBIA. AN early issue of The India Rubber World will contain a resume of the rubber situation in the republic of Col- ombia which will serve to throw some new light on this little known country. Colombia is twice the size of Texas and has almost unlimited natural resources. It is in this country that the Muzo emerald mines, the finest in the world, are located. Colombia is the first in emerald production and the second in platinum. In total gold produced she is third and when Cal- ifornia stamps replace the crude wooden ones now in use she will rival the best. Her coal is only developed for local use, but with railroad facilities Colombia will coal all the steam- ers going to the Panama canal from her immense beds. Col- ombian coflfee is still brought out by tortuous mule journeys and is among the finest that comes to the market. Her cattle go to Cuba by the hundreds of thousands. Various American and French firms are engaged in shipping mahogany and cedar, the only kinds of her many woods known outside of the coun- try. In the palmy days of wild India-rubber gathering, with its ruthless destruction of trees, Colombia stood at the fore [see The India Rubber World, October i, 1901 — page 8], and now again is coming into prominence as shipper of cultivated rubber. The Colombians have learned their lesson and her last revolution was a moral one, with the result of putting into power General Reyes and a government representing both po- litical parties, with " Progress " for their watchword — and they seem to be going about it in the right way. The pneumatic motor tire to be manufactured by The Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio), mentioned in the last issue of this paper (page 25) is that covered by the patent of H. A. Palmer, instead of Theron R. Palmer as stated November i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBL.ER ^VORLD 56 RUBBER INTERESTS IN EUROPE. A RUBBER FACTORY IN SWITZERLAND. THE first establishment in Switzerland for the manufacture ol technical (mechanical) goods of India-rubber, Gutta- percha, and Asbestos was established in 1895 as a department of the wire and cable works of the firm R. & E. Huber, at Plaf- likon, in the canton of Zurich, which date from 1880. The rub- ber department has grown in importance until it now gives em- ployment to about 100 people, and motive power equal to 500 HI', derived from Betzau, 17 kilometers distant. Pliitfikon, by the way, contains about 4000 people and is situated 10 miles from Zurich. The illustration on this page shows the entire works of the Messrs. Huber. Their production of rubber goods consists largely of hose in great variety as regards size, color, and purposes for which it is employed. There are also made belting, packings, mats and malting, rubber rollers for numer- ous purposes, and insulating material in hard and soft rubber- including pure gum strip. The company have made treads for automobile tires and purpose taking on the production of com- plete tires. Some druggists' goods have been made. The as- bestos used is chiefly in connection with rubber for special packings. GUTTA GENTSCH IN GREAT BRITAIN. At the third annual meet- ing of shareholders of The New Gutta-Percha Co. (Lon- don. September 29) the gross profit of the year's trading was reported to be ;^266 gs. SJ. It was explained that time is required for tests satis- factory to possible buyers of a new insulatmg material. Their customers, however, already included the admiralty, sev- eral railway companies, and other concerns of importance, and letters were read from engineers of these companies expressing the most favorable opinions of " Gentsch." In certain quarters their goods had been objected to on the ground of not being " all British,'' whereupon manufacturing arrangements had been completed with Johnson it Phillips, Limited, of Old Charlton, Kent, and the opposition of " the India-rubber and Gutta-percha ring " would be circumvented by selling arrangements made with Verity's, Limited, who had branches throughout the kingdom and wide export connections. In connection with the arrangement with Johnson & Phillips, a new company will be formed to be called the Parnax Cable Manufacturing Co., Limited. Pernax is the name adopted for the quality of their material to be specially used for the insulation of land cables, as opposed to Gutta- Gentsch, which will be retained for submarine insulation. Ne gotiations were under way for the sale ol the French patents to a syndicate on what was believed to be favorable terms. [Gut- ta Gentsch is described in Thk India Rubiskr World Septem- ber I, 1902 (page 385); October i, 1902 (page 9) ; January i, 1905 (page 131).] RUBBER GOODS HIGHER IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. Manufacturers of rubber goods on both sides of the Leitha river have advanced the prices of their products, by reason of the enormously high prices of the crude material. The advance amounts to 15 per cent, for goods the price of which is less than 10 kronen, and to 20 per cent, for goods sold at more than 10 kronen. It has been in force since September 15. [10 kronen=S2.03.] GERMANY. Vereinictf. Gummiwaaren-Fabriken Harburg-VVien, who had already a factory at Hannover, have purchased the ex- port business there of Gerlach & Cie. (Bodeckerstrasse 22), which will be continued for the sale of druggists' and surgical rubber goods. = The German manufactureof dressshields(5c/;tf««M;//^r«). instead of being in the hands of a few large firms as in America, is distributed among a number of relatively small concerns. A recent list credits Berlin with 7 producers of such goods; Bielefeld 2; Dresden, Frankfurt a/M., Leipzig, and Mannheim I each — a total of 13. Two of these firms make other goods, including the important Deutsche Kabelwerke Actiengesell- schaft, with Af 2,i per cent, upon the Second pre- ferred stock for the same quarter, from the net earnings of the company. The net earnings for the first six months of the year (September partially estimated) are $2,005,887.32. The net earnings for the corresponding period last year were $2,105, - 485.89.==— Application has been made to the New York Stock Exchange for the listing of the Second preferred stock, issued recently in connection with the merger with the Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co. SUIT AGAINST A TIRE COMPANY FAILS. In the United States circuit court at St. Louis on October 6 judgment for the defendant was rendered in the suit of Augusta L. D. Perry against Rubber Tire Wheel Co. and its successor The Consolidated Rubber Tire Co. (New York), to recover $60,000 in commissions which John W. Perry claimed to have earned by conducting negotiations in Europe (or the sale of rights under the Grant patent, covering what is known as the "Kelly-Springfield" solid rubber carriage tire. Mr. Perry was at one time manager of the Paris branch of the defendant companies and conducted negotiations with a Ger- man company which he asserts were not carried to a successful conclusion through the fault of his employers. He assigned his claim to his wife, and this was the basis of the suit. LANCASTER (OHIO) RUBBER CO. Lancaster Rubber Co., mentioned in this paper last month as a new Ohio corporation, is located at Lancaster, in that state. It is The Phu-nix Rubber Co., lately of Barberton, Ohio, under a new name. Charles J. Franklin, the principal share- holder, is president, and M. A. Franklin secretary. It was in- tended to begin the manufacture of specialties in the druggists' and similar lines before the end of the month just closed. RUBBER TIRES AT A CARRIAGE SHOW. In connection with the thirty-third annual convention of the Carriage Builders' National Association, which was held Octo- ber 3-5 in the Secord regiment armory in Philadelphia, being largely attended, occurred the customary exhibition of carriage accessories which has become so important a feature of these yearly gatherings of the trade. There were more than 100 exhibits. The following tire manufacturing companies were represented, most of them by several officers, managers, or salesmen : Consolidated Rubber Tire Co New York city. Firestone and Rubber Co Akron, Ohio. The B. F. Goodrich Co Akron, Ohio. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co Akron, Ohio. The Hartford Rubber Works Co Hartford, Connecticut. Kokomo Rubber Co Kokomo. Indiana. Milwaukee Rubber Works Co Cudahy, Wisconsin. The Mechanical Rubber Co Cleveland, Ohio, National India Rubber Co Bristol, Rhode Island. Pennsylvania Rubber Co Jeannette, Pennsylvania. The Republic Rubber Co Voungstown, Ohio. Stein Double Cushion Tire Co Akron, Ohio. 58 IHE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1905. Sweet Tire and Rubber Co liatavia, New York. The Victor Rubber Co Springfield, Ohio. Morgan & Wright (Chicago) were represented, but had no display of their tires. Exhibits were made also by L. C. Chase & Co. (Boston) ; Fairfield Rubber Co. (Fairfield, Connecti- cut) ; Fabrikoid Co. (Newburgh, New York) ; and the Rubber- set Brush Co. (Newark, N, J.)— of carriage cloth and other car- riage accessories. NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS. United States Rubber Co. : Common. Prefbrred. DATES. Sales. 25.070 High. 5Sl^ Low. 5S% Sales. Hieh. Low. Week ending Sept. 23 2,800 II4?i 112 Week ending Sept. 30 14,100 $(>% 53^ 2,300 112 iio!^ Weekending Oct. 7 29.550 57 s^li 1,330 112 ■I1'4 Weekending Oct. 14 14.500 53'A 50'A 1,440 IMjs "Ojs Weekending Oct 21 S,9So 54 M 51}^ 500 lllH • 1-3^ Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co. Common. Prbferrbd. DATES. Sales. High. Low. Sales. HiRh. Low. Week ending Sept. 23 Week ending Sept. 30 Week ending Oct. 7 Week ending Oct. 14 Weekending Oct. 21 3.400 3.400 goo 700 500 35^ 39 387g 361^ 3TA 34'A 35 37 36 37 200 100 600 200 100 104 1043^ 105 105 losX 104 104 >^ 104 105 105,!+' FORMER RUBBER FACTORIES CHANGE OWNERS. The building erected in 1899 by the Model Rubber Co. (VVoonsocket, Rhode Island) for a rubber shoe factory, and not in use for such purpose for the past three years, has become the property of Brindle Brothers, a company organized in July, 1903, to manufacture narrow woven fabrics. Brindle Brothers have been tenants of part of the building from the beginning, and now intend enlarging their facilities and occupying the whole building. = The Standard Rubber Works property at Campello, Massa- chusetts, has again changed hands. F"ollowingthe assignment of the Standard Rubber Corporation, about the end of 1900, this property was bought by Patrick Cavanaugh, of New York, who with his associates organized the Standard Rubber and Oilcloth Co. This business was discontinued on the death of Mr. Cavanaugh, and in October, 1904, the property was pur- chased by Rufus P. Maltby, also of New York, as an investment. It has now been sold to B. F. Tozier, a manufacturer of Lynn. Mass., but the purpose to which it is to be devoted is not stated. NEW INCORPORATIONS. Emergency Rubber Co., October 4. 1905, under the laws of New ^'ork ; capital, $50,000. The India Rubuer World is advised: "The president of the company is George R. Fuller, who is vice president and general manager of the Telephone Securities Co.; S. Schwarzchild is vice president and manager; Albert V'ogt, treasurer of the Vogt Manufacturing Co., treas- urer ; and E. E. Pfahl, secretary. The office of the company will be located at 522 Granite building, Rochester, New York. The object of the company is to manufacture rubber shoes and other goods in the rubber line." = Fidelity Rubber Co., October 10, 1905, under Rhode Island laws; capital $5000. Incorporators: LeBaron C. Colt, W. De Forest Brown, and LefTerts S. Hoffmann, all of Bristol, Rhode Island. Object, to protect a trade mark on certain goods man- ufactured by the National India Rubber Co., of which Mr. Coll is agent and Mr. Brown secretary. ^ ^ NEW FACTORIES OF THE CANADIAN RUBBER CO. OF MONTREAL, LIMITED. Mention has been made in these columns several times dur- ing the year of the extensive improvements in progress in the plant of The Canadian Rubber Co. of Montreal, Limited, involv- ing important additions. On this page is shown a view of an entirely new series of buildings on the north side of Notre Dame street, Montreal, the floor area of which comprises ^}4 acres, all of which is accessory to the older factory plant, comprising 12 acres of floor space. The large increase in the company's business has necessitated the separation of many of the depart- ments which previously were covered under one roof. The new buildings are devoted especially to the manufacture of carriage cloth, proofing, textile and rubbered fabrics, rubber cement, druggists' sundries, sporting and stationers' supplies, and other specialties. The large general factories are devoted to the com- pany 'sother products — " Canadian " rubbers (i 5,000 pairs daily), mechanical goods, and so on. Besides making these additions to their facilities, the company have installed many improved appliances for manufacture, and improved their head offices. Handsome displays of the company's goods have been arranged in the general office building, and Interlocking rubber tiling has been laid down on the floors. Including the general ware- house, the company's plant now embraces a total area of 21 acres. Their products are further referred to in a catalogue notice on another page. November i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 59 NEW CAPITAL OF THE UNITED STATES RUBBER CO. The application of the United States Rubber Co. to have listed on the New Yorlc Stock Exchange their new capital share issues was approved by the governing committee of the Ex- change on October 25, and due notice given. It will be remem- bered that in connection with acquiring control of the Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co. a few months since it was agreed to increase the capitalization of the United States Rubber Co. by $25,000,000, of which $15,000,000 was to be in First preferred stock and $10,000 000 Second preferred stock, the amount of common stock to remain as before at $25,000,000. It appears that there have now been issued 286,403 shares of First pre- ferred stock, of which 235.255 are to be exchanged for the old preferred stock, share for share, and 51,148 for an equal num- ber of shares of preferied stock of the Rubber Goods company. There have been issued 83,873 shares of Second preferred stock, of which CS.^Siyi are to be exchanged for double the number (137,163) of shares of common stock of the Rubber Goods com- pany. Prior to May last the outstanding common stock of the United Slates company amounted to 236.660 shares, which number was increased on May 23 by 13 340 shares of common stock issued for cash at par to the Meyer Rubber Co., a con- stituent company, which brings the issue of common shares up to the total number authorized to be issued. The outstanding issues of the United States company to day compared with the amounts authorized by its charter (together with its amend- ments) are as follows: Issued. .Authorized. P'irst preferred $28,640,300 $40,000,000 Second preferred 8,387,300 10,000,000 Common 25,000,000 25,000,000 Total |fc2,027,6oo $75,000,000 The official statement would appear to leave unaccounted for $1,529,150 of the Second preferred shares issued thus far. It might be added that the total share capital of the Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co. outstanding at the date of the merger, and the amount of which control has been acquired by the United States Rubber Co., compare as follows : Total. Acquired. Preferred $ 8,051,400 $ 5,114,800 Common 16,941,700 13,716,300 Total $24,903,100 !ji8,83i,ioo The United States company also embraces in its statement the following : Consolidated Income Statemknt i-'or Five Months Endinc Au- gust 31 , 1905. Net sales, boots, shoes and miscellaneous $15,954,566.21 Cost of goods sold 13. 33°. 7^7-01 Manufacturing profit S 2,623,769.20 (leneral and selling e.\penses, including interest, freight, taxes and insurance 1,234,826.31 Operating profits. .1:1,388,942.89 Other income 162,402.97 Net profit $1,551,345-86 [NoTR. — It appears fair to assume that statement embraces no results of oper- ations of the Rubber Goods ManufacturinK C'o., the merger of which with the United States company had scarcely been accomplished at the date of the ^report. — The Editor.] GENERAL RUBBER CO. According to the statement made by the United States Rub- ber Co. in its application to the Stock Exchange, the General Rubber Co. was organized March 29. 1904, under the New Jer- sey laws, for the purpose of buying, selling, and dealing in crude rubber, with an authorized capital of $2,000,000, of which $1,- 000,000 was paid in cash. The authorized capital was increased April 29. igoj.to $5,000,000, of which $2,000,000 additional was paid in July, making a total cash capital at present of $3,000,- 000, of which §2.000.000 is owned by the Meyer Rubber Co, and $1,000,000 by the Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co.. each of these companies being a subsidiary corporation of the United States Rubber Co. The General Rubber Co. on July i, 1905, executed an indenture with the Industrial Trust Co. (Provi- dence, Rhode Island), as trustee, covering an issue of $9,000,- 000 ten year gold debentures, bearing interest at 4>i per cent., of which $6,000,000 have since been disposed of, under guar- antee as to principal and interest by the United Slates Rubber and Rubber Goods Manufacturing companies. The paid in capital of the General Rubber Co. and the proceeds of these debentures is employed for buying and carrying crude rubber, practically entirely lor the United States and Rubber Goods companies. AFFAIRS OF THE HARDMAN RUBBER CO. An action at law instituted by Cyril Johnson against the Hardman Rubber Co. (Belleville, New Jersey), in which com- pany he is a minor shareholder, was widely reported as a suit for the appointment of a receiver for the company on the hypothesis that entries had been wrongfully made in the com- pany's books with the object of avoiding the payment of divi- dends. The Hardman Rubber Co. advise Thk India Rubber World that no application was ever made to any court for the appointment of a receiver for their company, and the question of the appointment of a receiver has never been opened or dis- cussed before any court or judge. The action brought by Mr, Johnson had for its only object the correction of some credits made on the books of the Hardman Rubber Co. to the Bellville Land and Improvement Co,, to which Mr. Johnson objected, claiming that the credits have been wrongfully made with a view to avoiding the payment of dividends to his injury as a minor shareholder. The vice chancellor has designated January 25 the day on which the case is to be heard, and has ordered Mr. Johnson, the complainant, to present proof at that time of his allegation that these items of credit were put wrongfully to the account of the land and improvement company. Bradstreet's reports that the company's statement of the case is believed correct, and authorities regard it as simply a disputed matter, which does not afTect the company's credit. The company further report that their business is very brisk, and that they have at this time more orders for immediate delivery than at any previous time in their history. MR. HEYL-DIa'S SYNTHETIC RUBBER. An invitation to witness the manufacture of Synthetic rub- ber is one that most of the trade, whether skeptical or believ- ing, would be inclined to accept, and it was therefore not at all singular that the Editor of this Journal gladly availed himself of the opportunity to see Mr. George E. Heyl-Dia turn a " bas- tard " gum into a true Caoutchouc-like product. The experi- ment took place in the laboratory at the Safety Insulated VViie and Cable Co.'s works at Bayonne, New Jersey. The primary product appeared to be a very cheap gutta mixed with chemi- cals, probably in powder form. They were not to be identified by taste or smell, and there certainly was no true rubber pres- ent in the mass. This prepared slab was put into a jacketed vulcanizer, in a pan, the bottom of which was made of wire rods laid parallel to one another and close together. Steam was then turned on, the pressure gage showing an average of 55 pounds. After three hours the heater was opened and the slab had changed into a spongy dark colored product of three times the original volume, and was as elastic in that state as fine Para. When stretched out into thin films it had a curious greenish cast, and smelled not unlike burned sugar. That the experi- 60 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1905. nient was successful no one could deny. The product that went into the heater cost, it was stated, 53 cents a pound. What came out, guessing at shrinkage, looked as if it might be worth at least $1 a pound. Of course there was no opportunity for the writer to test the gum as to its ability to take up compound to vulcanize, or to wear, as against real rubber. THE DERBY RUBBER CO.'S RECLAIMING PLANT. The rubber reclaiming plant at Shelton, Connecticut, which is now one of the oldest in existence, is to be operated in future under new conditions. The Derby Rubber Co., incorporated February 27, 1S89, with an authorized capital of $20,000, has retained its corporate existence though the factory has under- gone several changes of management, and the capital has been increased to $50,000. As will be seen from the announcement which follows, the management of the factory is in the hands of Mr. William F. Askam, one of the original incorporators- The present officers of the company are : Allan W. Paige, presi- dent ; W. F. Askam, vice president ; Charles N. Downs, secre- tary and treasurer. The announcement follows : We beg to announce that the factory plants of The Derby Rubber Co. , located at Shelton, Connecticut, have been thoroughly remodeled and equipped with new and modern machinery, and will be operated by the owners as a rubber reclaiming factory. Mr. W. F. Askam. vice president and general manager of the com- pany, who has for many years been engaged in the rubber reclaiming business, will have charge of the manufacturing department of the com- pany, which is a guarantee that these mills will continue to make the well known grades of reclaimed rubber for which they have in the past b;;en so well and favorably known. Vours truly, THE DERBY RUBBER CO. Derby, Connecticut, October 16, 1905. TRADE NEWS NOTES. Frank C. Howlett (Syracuse, New York) writes to The India Rubber World that he is at a loss to know how the report got started that he is to open a rubber factory in the far West. He has been receiving letters from Seattle, Washington, in reference to the matter, and letters have been sent in his care for F. E. Elwood, whom he does not know, though it has been given out in Seattle that Elwood is in Mr. Howlett's em- ploy. Mr. Howlett states that he has no intention whatever of starting a factory as reported. = Boston Belting Co., through their southwestern selling agents, Messrs. Towner & Co., at Memphis, Tennessee, lately filled for that city an important order for cotton double jacket tire hose, which was put to a severe test, in public, with results in every way satisfactory. = The Republic Rubber Co. (Youngstown, Ohio) were men- tioned in our July issue as adding to their plant an extensive brick building. By putting a roof over a large open space be- tween two of their main buildings they are now still further in- creasing their room. The additions, when finished, will give them more than 50 per cent, additional floor space. = ln view of the large amount of printed matter required in the factory of the National India Rubber Co. (Bristol, Rhode Island), in the shape of tickets, slips, labels, and the like, not to mention the stationery required in the office, the company have installed in their plant an outfit for doing their own printing. = Frank A. Magowan, formerly prominent in the rubber in- dustry in Trenton, New Jersey, of which city he was also mayor at one time, appears to have turned his attention of late to in- vention, patents having been issued to him for an automobile tire constructed so as not lobe injured in case of puncture, and also for a new article in air brake hose. = The Robins Conveying Belt Co. (New York) have secured the contract for belt conveyors for the United States naval coaling station at Olongapo, Philippine islands. They are men- tioned also as having secured a large order for belt conveyors for the Santander (Spain) iron mines. = The Mitzel Rubber Co. (Carrollton, Ohio), have opened an office and placed a stock of their druggists' and other sundries at No. 205 Medinah temple, Chicago, under the management of Charles H. Ten Eyck. = The Boston Woven Hose and Rubber Co. are said to be the largest manufacturers of tire tape in the United States. = The Standard Rubber Co. (Trenton, New Jersey), men- tioned in the last number of this paper as having been incor- porated, has been organized by the election of James D. Brady, president; A. C. Reves, vice president ; and John M.Wright, secretary and treasurer. These also comprise the board of directors. = Yatman Rubber Manufacturing Co., manufacturers of molded goods at Newark, New Jersey, have removed from No. 224 High street to No. 267 Mt. Pleasant avenue. = S. Birkenstein & Sons (Chicago), dealers in all kinds of rubber scrap, in connection with new and old metals, have, for the purpose of largely increasing their facilities, removed to ne^f quarters — Nos. 64-74 Ontario street. = The Canadian Rubber Co. of Montreal, Limited, were awarded a gold medal at the Provincial Exhibition at Halifax, Nova Scotia, last month, for their exhibition of general rubber goods, comprising belting, hose, packing, and the like, and also rubber footwear. = C. J. Bailey (No. 22 Boylston street, Boston) has gone West on a tour in connection with his specialties, and also for his " Won't Slip " tire, which is already a wonderful success. ^Joseph G. Moomy, a veteran in bicycles and bicycle tires, is running an automobile tire repair shop in Erie, Pennsylvania, and doing some very interesting work in the repairing of dam- aged tires. ^The Continental Rubber Works (Erie, Pennsylvania) are doing a fine business in the manufacture of inner tubes for auto- mobiles. = Mr. D. C. Spraker of the Kokomo Rubber Co. (Kokomo, Indiana), has returned from a trip to the Pacific coast, during which he visited the Lewis and Clark Exposition at Portland, Oregon. ■=Mr. Harry G. Woodard, well known and very popular wherever tires are marketed, has become the manager of the New York branch of the Diamond Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio.) = William Seward, Jr., has resigned his position as vice pres- ident of the Hartford Rubber Works Co., his connection ter- minating on September 30. Mr. Seward took an active inter- est in the factory baseball team, and on the date mentioned was given a silver loving cup by the members of the team. = F. G. Saylor, of Franklin. Massachusetts, lor some years connected with the rubber trade, is developing a new tire known as the " M. & S." It is not of the pneumatic type, but will be used chiefly for heavy vehicles. = Mr. C. E. W. Woodward, formerly connected with The Fisk Rubber Co. (Chlcopee Falls, Massachusetts), is acting as tire expert and counsel for the Knox Automobile Co., and the Olds Motor Works. = The original and interesting little monthly The Pneus, edited by Mr. Burton R. Parker at Chicopee Falls, Massachu- setts, and devoted, as may be judged from the title, to automo- bile tires, is one of the most entertaining publications in the trade. November i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 61 = This is not in the line of an advertisement, but Mr. T. W. Miller o( the Faultless Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio), has for a year past been whirling around Akron, up and down its steep hillsand over the questionable roadsof its outskirts in a Frank- lin runabout which has had no disease at all during that time, not even " tire sickness." = Thc factory of the U. S. Rubber Reclaiming Works at Buf- falo, New York, continues to be enlarged and improved, indi- cating a constant growth in the business of the company. Ref- erence to the company's advertisement on another page of The India Rurbek World will show to the reader the latest and most comprehensive view of the buildings now occupied. = TheSwinehart Clincher Tire and Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio) have established a New York office at No. 1773 Broadway, in charge of Mr. Herbert C. Comstock as manager. = Creditors of the North .\merican Rubber Co. ( New York), in bankruptcy, have received notice from William H. Willis, referee, of a dividend declared on their claims, duly proved and allowed, of 7 per cent., payable on and after October 31. - B. Loewenthal & Co. (Chicago and New York), dealers in old rubber, announce the withdrawal of Edward D. Loewenthal from their firm, as from September 21. = f. 8;+". 24 pages.] = =" Opinions of Users of Continental Tires " is a brochure made up of reproductions in facsiintle of letters from well known automobilists. {^Yi" X 8". 16 pages.] HoDC.M.-\N Rubber Co. (Nos. 806 808 Broadway, New York) issue an interesting priced catalogue of Automobile and Motor Boat Clothing and Sundries, in which are illustrated a number of attractive styles for men's and women's cloaks, jackets, and caps. lV,i"y.(>M"- 3' pages.] The Ohio Rubber Co. (Cleveland and Cincinnati, Ohio) issue for the season 1905-06 a catalogue of Storm Proof Cloth- ing — attractive both as a catalogue and on account of the styles illustrated — including mackintoshes, cravenette goods, rubber surface specialties, and oil clothing. \\" X 9%"- 16 pages.] = =: Accompanied by an 8 page price list. The various trade catalogues, price lists, and descriptive cir- culars issued by The Canadian Rubber Co. ok Montreal, Limited, would, if combined in one general catalogue, form a volume of several hundred pages. The company have preferred, however, to devote separate publications to different lines of goods — as Belting, Hose, and Packing; or to classes — as Fire Department Supplies, Druggists' Sundries, Rubber Footwear, and so on. They are thus able to place in the hands of each actual or possible customer printed matter bearing directly up- on his interest. Several of their recent issues have been no- ticed in these pages, but an inspection of a complete set of these catalogues which has been received gives a better impression of the extent and variety of the company's production in rub- ber goods, than a review of them separately as published. Some of the special lists relate to hoof pads, " Everstick " rubber shoes, printers' blankets, waterproof textile goods, and so on. This collection embodies 21 separate publications, all in Eng- lish except a catalogue of Claques el Bottes en Caoutchouc (rub- ber boots and shoes) in French. R.& E. Huber (PlafTikon, near Zurich), the first manufactur- ers in Switzerland of technical India rubber and Gutta-percha goods — having added some ten years ago a branch for this purpose to their wire and cable factory, founded in 1880— have issued a handsomely got up Preis-Courant of mechanical rubber goods, such as hose, packings, belting, mats, tt f^/^ra, together with some items of asbestos and also hard rubber. The mat- ting designs shown are very attractive. [sJi^" X 9". 54 pages.] The Peerlkss Rubber Manuiacturing Co. (New York), in a booklet entitled " A Few Remarks," puts in a novel and readable style some of the good points of " Rainbow " packing. Viyi'ys.(>\i\ 16 pages.] Anchor Tile Co. (Trenton. New Jersey) issue a book de- scriptive of their Anchor Rubber Tiling, with a number of views illustrating the variety of attractive color schemes which are possible by the use of this tiling. The Anchor tiling was described in The India Rubber World February 1, 1905 —page 160. [7'X"Xiyi". 16 leaves.] ALSO RFXEIVED. \Vm. F. .Mayo & Co., Boston. =Fall Catalogue No. 6— September, 1905. 100,000 cases Rubber Boots and Shoes [at bargain sales]. 32 pages. The Rubber Chemical Co., Limited, Birmingham, England. ^Con- cerning Nancusi. (A preservative preparation for rubber goods.] 8 pages. The Seamless Rubber Co , New Haven, Connecticut. = Dr. Tullar's Hygienic Douche Appliances for Women. 16 pages. A MATTER WORTH LOOKING INTO. [from la veta (Colorado) " advertiser." | WE have at last obtained a sample of the genuine rubber weed direct from Buena Vista, sent by Mr. Peter Smith. This sample shows both root and bloom surrounded with cot- ton. It greatly resembles a weed which grows in abundance along our country roads, but whether it is the same or flourishes in these parts, we are not at present prepared to say. Those interested are invited to examine this specimen and compare it with anything else they can find. The matter is worth looking into. CANDY BARRED FROM A RUBBER MILL. ONE of the Providence newspapers reports the issuing of an order, at the VVoonsocket factory of the VVoon- socket Rubber Co., forbidding the emplojes during working hours to suck " lollypops." Not only the 600 girls employed in the mill, but a number of the men were indulging in these sweets to an extent, so it is said, that led the superintendent — though fond of lollypops himself — to fearlhat their work would be interferred with. Hence the order, which is said to have been obeyed, but not without filling the place with gloom. => = The "Century Dictionary" defines " lollypop " as " A coarse sweetmeat, made of sugar and treacle, usually with the addition of butter and flour ; taffy. [English.]" INDIA-RUBBER GOODS IN COMMERCE. EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. OFFICIAL statement of values of exports of manufactures of India rubber and Gutta-percha, for the month of Aug- ust, 1905. and for the first eight months of five calendar years: Months. Belling. Packing, and Hose. Boots and Shoes. All other Ruboer. Total. August, 1905 January-July |il8,88o 637,102 $182,102 588,309 $770,411 651,392 507,897 524,629 $ 244,769 1,671,076 1 545,757 2,896,487 Total Total, 1904.. . Total. 1903 Total, 1902 To'al. IQOC 1755. 988 570.972 568.707 459 S71 108.017 $I,9'5.845 1,600,574 1.655,396 1,298,132 T.20'»,'>86 $3,442,244 2,822,938 2,732,090 2,282,652 1. 00ft. 1 in 64 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [NllVEMHEk I, 1905. VACUUM DRYING OF RUBBER. THE vast economic value of this process, the great rapidity with which the drying of materials in vucxto is accom- plished, the low temperatures at which it can be carried on, the great saving in fuel, space, and labor, the improvement vacuum drying exercises upon the materials, the large daily production of a comparatively small apparatus when compared with the space occupied by drying rooms, etc., all of which have become so well established and known at this date through the many vacuum drying plants operated in the United States and in Europe, that no more need be added in its praise. To Mr. A. P. Mencle is due to have been the first in the United States to construct vacuum drying chambers and to bring them to successful operation in his own chemical and color works, thence advocating the adoption of this econcmic process among the various American industries. Dr. Mende's experience in this line runs over a period of 1 5 years and hun- dreds of materials of all kind came to his hands for drying in vacuo ; the results of which are today embodied in the vacuum apparatus that are now built and sold by Messrs. Norman Hub- bard's Sons Machine Works, Nos. 265-267 Water street, Brook- lyn, N. Y.. and where a series of testing plants are operated for the convenience of prospective patrons. Messrs. Norman Hubbard's Sons Machine Works offer the apparatus in rectangular and in cylindrical styles, in all prac- tical dimensions, made of cast iron, wrought iron or steel, with plate shelves or shelf coils inside, or in shape of vacuum tunnels for use of racks and cars of any description, all in first class workmanship and at reasonable prices. RECTANGULAR VACUUM CHAMBER. CYLINDRICAL. VACUUM CHAMBER. REVIEW OF THE CRUDE RUBBER MARKET. EARLY in the month just closed a decline in prices be- gan, which continued for a fortnight, since which time the lower level then reached has remained practically without change, though at the end of the month the market presents a condition of more firmness. The decline first applied to Pard sorts, following reports of larger arrivals at the primary markets, and in view of some of the larger consumers being apparently well provided with supplies. Later the de- cline extended to Africans and other medium sorts. Pending the important .Antwerp sale of October 23, when over 500 tons were to be offered, and a feeling prevailed that a lower standard of 'prices would result, the market, particularly for Africans, be- came very quiet. The result of the sale, however, was t'lat higher prices were realized for the better qualities than had prevailed previously, and in consequence there has been a gen- eral stiffening in prices of all sorts. Receiptsat Pard (including Caucho) since the beginning of the crop season have been as follows : 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. July tons l2qo 1280 1250 1450 August 1370 1230 1260 1300 September 1670 2010 1780 2200 October 2280 2440 2820 — To October 28. 1 Following is a statement of prices of Pard grades, one year ago, one month ago, and on October 31 — the current date : October I, '05. 127(8128 none here I2g@i30 132(3133 7i@ 71 nODe here 92(.d 93 none here 73@ 74 85(a) 86 PARA. November 1, '04 Islands, fine, new Ii2(a'ii3 Islands, fine, old none here Upriver, fine, new Ii5@ii6 Upriver, fine, old none here Islands, coarse, new 64® 65 Islands, coarse, old none here Upriver, coarse, new 88(3 89 Upriver, coarse, old none here Caucho (Peruvian) sheet 67® 68 Caucho ( Peruvian ) ball 7 7@ 78 The decline in Africans has been less marked are without change, as follows : AFRICAN. Sierra Leone. I stquality 100(8101 Massai. red ioo(3ioi Benguella 79® So Cameroon ball 6g@ 70 Accra flake 26® 27 Lopori ball, prime. .. . I09®II0 Lopori strip, prime. .. . 92® 93 Madagascar, pinky.. . . go® gi Ikelemba io9®iio Late Para cables quote: Per Kilo. October 31. Il8@II9 none here 1 2 1 (S 1 2 2 i32(St33 68® 69 none here 89® go none here 70® 71 85® 86 some grades CENTRALS. Esmeralda, sausage. . .82 ®83 Guayaquil, strip 70 ®7i Nicaragua, scrap .. . .Si @£2 Panama, slab 62 ®63 Mexican, scrap 81 ®82 Mexican, slab 60 @62 Mangabeira. sheet. .. .70 @7i EAST INDIAN. Assam 95 ®96 Borneo 44 ©45 Islands, fine 5*430 Per Kilo. Upriver, fine 6|i3oo November i, 1905.] THt. INDIA RUBBER WORLD 65 Islands, coarse 2$45o Upriver, coarse Exchange, tbf\rJ. Last Manaos advices : Upriver, fine 6$300 Upriver, coarse. . . Exchange, i6,'W. Statistics of Para T^ubber {Excluding Caucho) NEW YORK. Fine aod Total Medium. Coarie. 1905. Stocks. August 31 Ions 231 85 = 316 Arrivals. September 240 Aggregating Deliveries, September. Stocks, September 30.. 1905. 471 220 251 273 = 513 358 = 829 292 = 512 66 317 Tot»l 1904. 93 6gi 784 740 44 4I200 3$8oo Toi.l 1903. 168 954 1122 1025 97 PARA. 1904. Stocks. August 31. /««J 275 360 Arrivals. September. . . 2055 1741 Aggregating 2330 2101 Deliveries, September. 1853 1728 1903- izo lg8o 2100 i860 ENGLAND. 1905. I9C4. H03. 380 aoo 650 652 5g3 5go Stocks, Sept. 30. . 477 373 240 1032 725 307 793 575 218 12)0 1000 240 ■ 905, ig67 4535 385 3"? 499 ■904. 1463 3951 349 303 525 • 903- I7ig 4500 4>5 4g2 650 World's visible supply, September 30. . tons Para receipts. luly i to September 30 Par.i receipts of ("aucho, snme dates Afloat from Pari to United States, Sept. 30 . Afloat from Para to Europe, September 30.... Anbwerp. To THE Editor OK The India Ruhbf.r World : Since our report of September 20 a small sale of about 38 tons took place on October 6. at firm prices. Red Loanda firsts were paid fc. 12.40; black ditto fc. 12 42^: red Loanda seconds fc.Si5. red Angola thimbles firsts fc. ii.37>^ ; black ditto fc. 11 52^ ; Ikelemba partly sticky from 1 1.17.5^ to fc. 1 1.65. The next large sale will be held on October 25, when 51 1 tons will be exposed. The usual Congo sorts, as Uelc, Aruwimi, Djuma, Congo Sjngha, Maringa, Upper Congo balls and Kasais are represented by larger lots. Arrivals per steamer Anversi'ilU from the Congo on October 10, 541 tons. Antwerp, Octoberi7, 1905. C SCHMID i CO., SUCCESSEURS. Cable reports indicate" thai the Antwerp sale realized prices generally higher than the brokers' valuations, by 2 to 3 per cent. The General Rubber Co. (New York) are reported to have been the heaviest buyers. RUBBER ARRIVALS AT ANTWERP. September 21. — By the P/itlifrpmt!le, from the Congo : Kunge & Co (Societe Generale Africaine) kilos, 74.000 Do (Chemins de fer Grand Lacs) 7,000 Do 18,000 Do (SocieieA B I R) 16,000 Do (Cie. du Kasai) 112,000 Com ptoir Commercial Congolais 2,500 Socie'.e Equatoriale Congolaise... (Societe I'lkelemba) 2,500 Rubber Scrap Prices. New York quotations — prices paid by consumers for carload lots, in cents per pound — show a general increase over last month's figures, as follows : Old Rubber Boots and Shoes — Domestic 8K ffi 8 jg Do — Foreign 1'A®^\b Pneumatic Bicycle Tires iU @ S/i Solid Rubber Wagon and Carriage Tires 8ji;(S Sfg White Trimmed Rubber 9^ @ 9l^ Heavy Black Rubber 51^ @ 6 Air Brake Hose SU ® iJs Fire and Large Hose 3 ©3)4 Garden Hose 2 J<5 @ 2 J^ Matting iH ® 'H WANTED. (.QUOTATIONS are wanted for grinding Hard Rubber Scrap and Shavings. Address S. E., care of The India Rubber 'Wop.ld. [S52] M. S. Cols (Alima) Do ( Societe Baniembe) Cie. Commerciale des Colonies (Cie. Francaise du Congo) Do (Cie. de I'N'Keme et I'N'Keni) Comptoir des Produits Coloniau.x (Ekela Kadei Sangha) Do (Societe "N'Goko" Sangha) SocielA Coloniale Anversoise.(Belge du Haut Congo) Do (Cie. de Lomami) Do (Sud Kamerun) Do Charles Dethier (Societe La "M'Poko ") 0( rOBER 10.— By the Anversville, from the Congo Bunge & Co (Societe A B I R) Jiilos Do (Societe General Africaine) Do (Chemins de fer Grand Lacs) Do Do (Societe " La Kotto ") Do (Sultanats du Haut Ubangi) Societe Coloniale Anversoise (Beige du Haut Congo). Do (ii^iid Kamerun) Do (Cie. de Lomami) Do (Cie. du Kasai) Do Comptoir Commercial Congolais 37,000 Cie. Commerciale des Colonies (Cie. de I'N'Keme et I'N'Keni) Do (I. a Haut Sangha) Comptoir des Produits Coloniaux (Ekela Kadei Sangha) Do Societe N'Goko Sangha) G. & C. Kreglinger (Societe La Lobay) Charles Dethier (Societe La M Poko) Do (Belgika) Societe Generale de Commerce (Alimaienne) M. S. Cols 4,000 1,500 7,500 4.0C0 8,000 2.500 g.500 31,000 2,500 1,600 3,000 29,000 155,000 24,000 30,000 8,500 33,000 10,000 4,000 13.000 89,000 5.500 3,000 25 000 307,100 38,000 2.000 9,000 2 1 ,000 1,000 4,000 500 541.500 ANTWERP RUBBER STATISTICS FOR AUGUST. Details. 1905. 1904. ■903. 1902. 1901. Stocks, July 31 kilos Arrivals in August. . Congo sorts ....... Other sorts 819,559 509.389 375,263 134,I!!6 I,328,g48 770,746 558,202 3.719,673 2. oil. 203 SoS.jSo 3,702,832 872,746 244. 7C4 221.665 23.039 1. 117-450 514.955 377.527 347.062 322,136 24,926 689,772 321. ig2 294.073 27.l'9 r,040.44i 286.816 267,030 18.877 Aggregating Sales in August 724.589 404,603 I.oio,g64 254.563 756,401 1,327,257 642,902 Stocks, August 31 602,495 3,709.62: 3.060.256 640.365 3,718,026 319,986 3,326.394 2,971.328 355 °66 684.355 Arrivals since Jan. 1 Congo sorts Olhcrsoits 3.558.836 3.295.549 263,287 3.217,144 3,838,870 3.5!I-496 327.374 Sales since Jan. 1.. . 3.664,513 3,763,464 ANTWERP RUBBER STATISTICS FOR SEPTEMBER. Details. Stocks. Aug. 31.i1/0/ Arrivals in Sept. . . . Congo sorts Other sorts Aggregating... Sales in September. Stocks, Sept. 30. . 1905. 558,202 33g.575 240,891 9S fxS4 8g7,777 331,042 1903. 602,495 772,200 632 293 139907 1,374,695! 570,213! 319,986 455.762 442.435 ■3.3=7 1902. 775.748 353.890 566,735 804.482, 421,858 456,711 756,401 470.084 429.835 40.229 1901. 684.355 887.256 S71.360 I5,f9« 1,426,48511.571,611 769.774 675.4^8 Arrivals since Jan. I. 4.059.248 4. 481. 821 Congo sorts ' 3,152,184 3,701549 Other sorts ] 907.0.4 7S0 272 3,782,156 3.413,763 36S,393 4,028.920 3,725,404 ^03,516, 896,143 4,726.126 4 382,856 343.270 Sales since Jan. i .. 4,033 874 4,288,23914,018,40313,986,9184,443,932 The firm of Richard Meyers & Co. has been established (117, Place de Meir), to deal principally in India-rubber on a commission basis. "Para. Kanthack & Co reportiid : September jo, — The past week has been characterized by a quieter tone in consequence of the lowering of values at the con- suming markets, and with a weaker demand prices had to give 66 THE IIsDIA RUBBER WORLD [-^ OVEMBER I, 1905. wayto encourage business. At the modified prices business be- came more animated, but the market is to day quite upset in consequence of a sudden and very considerable decline 0/ ex- change. (Juotations are therefore quite nominal. Rubber Receipts at Manaos. DuRlNi; September and three months of the crop season for three years [courtesy of Messrs. Scholz & Co.| : From- ^^ 1905- Rio Pun'is — Acre tons 511 Rio Madeira 316 Kio Jurua 222 Rio Javary — Iquitos. . .. 444 KioSolimOes 106 Rio Negro i Total 1600 Caucho 212 T B M B B R. J U L V - S R I- T B M 1 B BR. 1904. 1903- 1905- 1904. I903- 403 42g 1167 gog 886 193 263 786 672 755 I go 254 316 2:5 256 68 71 564 281 185 32 59 210 42 84 3 6 3 15 88g 1076 3049 2122 2181 40 Ii3 398 21S 341 g2g i2og 3447 2340 2522 Total i8i2 Bordeaux. CAOUTCHOUC PRICES [FRANCS PER KlLO] OCTOBER I4. Soudan twists 9.50^10. Lahou twists 9.40® 975 Soudan niggers .. ..io.25@li. Couakry niggers ....11. @ii.20 8 50 7.80 7- 6. (iambia A. (lambia A . . . . Gambia A. M , (Jainbia B . . . Gambia C 5. Lahou cakes 8.ic@ 8.35 Lahou niggers io.ic@io8o Bassam lumps 6. @ 6.25 Bassam niggers... . 7 5o@ g 25 M'dg'car — Tamatave 9. ® 925 Do Majunga.. 7. (® 7 50 Do Morandova 8.50® 9. R. HENRV. Rotterdam. The death is announced, at s' Graven Hage (The Hague), on October 14. of Heer Julius Weise, head of the firm Weise & Co.. long established as importers of India-rubber and Gutta- percha at Rotterdam. Hamburg. A CORRESPONDENT of THE INDIA RUBBER WoRLD writing from f.iverpool on the statistical position of rubber says : " Hamburg in particular is becoming every year a more important center for the importation of rubber, both African, Central American, and Brazilian, and it seems a great pity that those interested in the progress of Hamburg as a rubber market should not make some effort to demonstrate the importance of their market by the issuing of proper and reliable statistics." w ^ Lvverpool. Wiii.iA.M Wright & Co. report [October 2] : Fine Para. — The market has been quiet, with few fluctuations. The loss of the Cyril \>.te page 45 this issue] had comparatively little effect n the market. Manufacturers continue to buy sparingly, and sellers on the other hand are chary of offering far ahead, o» ing to uncertainty as to the future. The Paia and Manaos markets have been active throughout the month, and there has been some resumption of American buying, which was only to be expected. Receipts are fairly liberal, and are ex- pected to continue heavy, so that, unless American buyers force prices — and we are glad to note so far they have shown no signs of doing so — we may expect an easement in prices. Africans have been in good request during the month, and a fair bus iness has been done. O x'\a^ to small supplies prices have in some cases advanced, more especially red Sierra Leone and Gold Coast lump ; value of the former 4^. iyid , and latter 2.t. 61/., after having touched 2s. 4(/. Ed.mund SchluTER & Co. report [September 30] : The market for Para grades has been quiet, and with the exception of a short lived advance to ss. id., following the loss of 2co tons rubber in the steamer Cyril, prices of tine have tended in buyers' favor. Cau- cho advanced owing to scarcity of supplies. The tendency at the close was distinctly towards lower prices, and from Brazilian infoimation it would appear that supplies will be equal or surpassing any noimal de- mands. The world's visible supply of Pai as on September 30 was: I9-J5. 19^4. iy„3. igoa. 1901. '''o"s 2311 1719 1870 2759 2854 Prices, hard fine 5/5J5- 4/g^ j/8 j/i:^ 3/8 LIVERPOOL STOCKS OF AFRICAN RUBBER, SEPTEMBER 30. 1905 266 igoa 1904 402 igoi 1903 217 igoo London. 524 722 725 l8gg. iSgS. 1897. . . 580 .. 381 •■ 373 Edward Till & Co. report stocks [October 2] : 1905. f Para sorts tons — I Borneo 71 London -j Assam and Rangoon 40 i Penang 400 I. Other sorts 182 Total 693 1903. Para. 305 52 14 4 5 48S 178 544 ■97 220 243 212 3« 690 395 1666 866 1508 1364 1903 Liverpool <. Caucho 56 ( Other sorts 435 Total, United Kingdom 1489 Total, September I i6g4 PRICES PAID DURING SEPTEMBER. I905- 1904- Pari fine, hard 5/ 6.'4@5/ 8 4/ 8i^@4/ili.^ 4/ 2 @4/ 8^ t>o soft 5/ 5^@5/ 7>2 4/ 8>^®4/ii 4/2 @4/ 75^ Negroheads, scrappy.. 3/1 1 (84/ 3/ 7}^@3/io 3/ 3>^@3/ 8}^ Do Cameta.3/ i;4@3/ 2 2/ 7j^@2/ 9 2/10;^ Bolivian 5/ 6;-4®5/ 7"^ 4/ 9 @5/ o;^ Caucho, ball 3/ 8i^@3/ qyi 3/ 2i^@3/ 51^3/ 3j^@3/ "M Do slab 3/ lK@3/ 2 2/ Q|^@2/lo 2/ 7i^@2/ioi^ Do tails 3/ 31^ No sales 3/ i (2)3/ i>^ IMPORTS FROM PARA AT NEW YORK. [Tht Figures Indicate iVeigfits in P0uniis.\ October 4. — By the steamer Dunstan, from Marios and Paia : Fine. Medium. Coarse. Caucho. 14,800 11,800 6,700 3,700 IMPORTBRS. General Rubber Co 113,70c New York Commercial Co. 91,300 Poel & Arnold 5i,9C0 A. T. Morse & Co 16,800 Neale&Co 1,400 Constantine P. Santos. . . . 24,800 Lionel Hagenaers & Co. . 24,000 Edmund Reeks & Co.... ig.700 Thorasen & Co H.igemeyer & Brunn 13,700 Wallace L. Gough 2,500 900 95,800 48,200 72,700 28 400 7o,8«o 1,300 4,100 3.900 1 4 , 6co 5,700 1,600= 3,200= 2,000= Total. 225, gco 151,300 134,500 50,900 72,200 28,600 28,100 24,500 14,600 13.700 5.700 Total 3i7,3oo 40.400345.500 6.800= 750,000 October 16. — By the steamer Afaranliense, from Manaosand Para : General Rubber Co 156,500 New York Commercial Co. log, 100 Poel & Arnold 14,300 A. T. Morse & Co . . 4.100 Neale&Co 1.800 Edmund Reeks & Co ... . 20,400 Lionel Hagenaers & Co.. 12, goo 40,800 17,900 5,000 1,300 300 57,200 43.700 87,400 68, goo 41,100 13,400 4,700 1,800= 400= Total 319,10065.300 316,400 2,200= October 25. — By the steamer Fluminense, from Manaos and New York Commercial Co. 331. coo 5g,8oo 92,400 6,600= A. T. Morse & Co 143,400 19,400 55,600 1,400^ Poel & Arnold 92,800 22,500 59, gco 1,300= General Rubber Co 82,000 t6,2oo 21,700 5000:= Constantine P. San Tos. . 24,400 5,500 10,500 3,100 = Edmumd Reeks & Co 22,600 Neale & Co Lionel Hagenaers & Co.. Lawrence Johnson & Co. . Hagemever & Brunn. . . . Wallace L. Gough 12,600 2,000 11,100 .= 1,000 300 2g.ioo .. .= 9, 800 5,400 = 5,000 6,3co I,2C0 ... .^ 11,300 = 3,800 = 256,300 170,700 106,700 74.700 42,900 34,100 17,600 703,000 Para: 489,800 219,800 176,500 124,900 43.5CO 35.700 30,400 15,200 12,500 11.300 3,800 Total 712,000 132,000 302,000 17,400=1,163,400 [Note.— The steamer Justin, from Par^, is due at New York, November 4, with 450 tons Rubber.] November i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 67 PARA RUBBHR via EUROPE. FOUNDS. 3KPr. 25.— By the C«i«i<;= Liverpool: A.T, Morse & Co (Coarse) 11, .100 Skit. 27.— By the C(iroiiui=LlTerpool: New York Commercial Co. (Fine). .. 22,500 A. 1'. .Morse & Co. (Coarsai 2i,600 J.'i.OOO Skit. 29. — By the /''iiiaiic«=Vlollen(lo: Boston and Bolivia Co. (Fine) 9,00" Ocr. t- By the .Viije.i(ie=I,lverpool: A. T. Morse & Co. (Coarse) ll.OOo Oct. 14— By the t'ampa7iia= Liverpool: New York Commercial Co. (Fine) . . . 29 00'^ Oct. 23.— By the t't;(ic= Liverpool: Poel ti Arnold (Coarse) 2fl,000 Ocr. 23.— By tUe^KianrasMollendo: Boston and Bolivia Co. (Fine) 8,500 OTHER ARRIVALS ATNEW YORK. CENTRALS. POirNos. Skit. 2,'!.— By the 3/inn«a;)oI£s= London : General Uublier Co 33,500 Skpt 2C — By the El .»/onte= New Orleans : Manhattan KublierMrK. Co 2,Oflo Et;Kers& llelnleln 2,210 Thebaud Brothers SOO 5,000 Skit. 27.— By the Sai-nm^Colombla: Fonld & Co 3,000 A. Held 1,000 Schultzen & Grosohen 1,200 Isaac Krandou & Bros 600 A. U. Straus & Co 600 6,100 Skii'. 27.— By the San .Uarcos= Galveston : Continental Mexican Rubber Co 70,000 Seit. 29 —By the Finance=Colon : HIrzel, Feltman ct Co 2,400 EKKers& Helnleln 1,500 Mann (4 Enidon 1,000 4,30o Sept. 30.— By the ■S;(7uroncn=Mexlco: H. Mari|uardt & Co 2.500 Harbur^er & Stack 600 American TradlnR Co .loo 3,500 Oct. 2.— By the ^am()a«a.>i= Mobile: Manhattan Rubber Mfg. Co 5..50O Oct. 2.— By tne.Winne)iaha= London : General Rubber Co 13,500 Oct. 4.— By the ^dvance=ColOD : G. Amslnck & Co r,100 J A. Medina &Co 5,100 K. B. Strout 2.200 1). A. De Lima & Co 2,000 Hirzel, FeltinanA Co 1,400 ('harles E. GrllTln 1,400 Itoldan & Van Sickle l.aijO Lawrence .Iolinson& Co 500 Meyer Heclit 500 llarburnerS Stack ,000 23,0(JO Oct. 7. —By the rKca(an=Mexlco: Harburger& Stack ... 2,000 Thebaud Brothers 2,.'j00 H. Marquardtct Co 1,600 E. StelrerftCo r.OOO W.Loalza&Co 500 7,.50O Oct. ".—By the Cedri«=Llverpool : General Rubber Co 17,000 Oct. 9.- By El ^/()a=Galveston : Continental Mexican Rubber Co 30.000 Eggers & Helulein 1,500 31,600 Oit. 10.— By the rei'(c=Llverpool: J. H, Rossbach * Bros I5,.500 Oct. 11.— By the .Uc.cico=Colon : Lawrence .lohnson & Co 21,100 Hirzel, Feltman & Co 16,400 Dumarest Bros. &Co 9,100 (i. Ainslnck A Co 4,400 Itiililau i. Van Sickle 4,300 Isaac Brandon & Bros 3.000 A.Santos&Co 2,.5O0 Mann&Emdon 2.000 A. M. Capen's Sons :2,000 W. R. Graco 1.600 R. L. Ballza ).200 Banco de Exportasos l.Ono Kuuhardt&Co 500 68.100 CENTRA LS-Oontinued. Oct. 11.— By the .iraio=Colon : (J. Amslnck & Co 11,100 K.. B Strout 3,8110 Smlthers. Nordenholt& Co 1,300 .1. A. Medina & Co 1.800 lllrzel. Feltman & Co 2,500 Mann .*i Kiiulon 1,800 Lawrence lohnson S Co .. 2.000 Banco de Exoortasos 1,500 Isaac Brandon & Bros 700 United FruitCo 700 Lanman&Kemp 500 27,700 Oct. 17.— By El Dia^ Galveston: Continental Mexican RubberCo 22,600 Oct. 19.— By the .4tamo=Moblle: A. N. Rotholz ROflO A. T. Morse & Co 5.1.00 G. Amslnck 4 Co 1.000 12,000 Oct. 20.— By the A/arafa(=Bollv8r: Thebaud Brothers 22.500 I'.uropean Account 12,000 81, 500 Oct. 23.— By the K((;Uancia= Mexico: U. MarquardtA Co 1,000 American Trading Co 500 E. N.Tlbbals Co .500 Graham. Hinkley SCO... 600 2,.500 Oct. 23.— By the ..1 »iVTn<;a= Colon : Hirzel, Feltman &Co 13,200 G. AmstnckACo 7.800 Piza, Nephews & Co 5 000 .1. A. Medina & Co 4,500 E. B. Strout I,.5fl0 Meyer Hecht 800 George A. Alden & Co 800 33,600 Oct. 23.— By the /J)/r()(i=Bahla: IIlrsch& Kaiser ll..5no American Commercial Co 8 .w.! An.Hltcb*Co B,noo Lawrence Johnson & Co 3,000 29,000 AFRICANS. POUNDS. Skit. 25— By the Ce;(i..-= Liverpool; A.T. Morse&Co 4i.noo Poel & Arnold 23.000 George A. Alden A Co 11 .5on General RulJbet Co 11„500 A. \V. Bvunn 8..5no Wallace L. Gougli 3,roo 98,500 Skit. 36.— By the Fin!a«(/=Antwcrp: Poel & Arnold ;i0 000 A.T.Morse&Co ... 21.0OO 61,000 Sept. 25.— By the Ki/n(lam=Rotterdam: Poel & Arnold 35,000 Skpt. 26. By the /'a/rio= Lisbon : General Rubber Co 45,000 Sept. 27.— By the Caro(Ha= Liverpool: General Rubber Co 80.000 George A. Alden & Co 18,000 98,000 Skpt. 27.— By the 0«(7n(c= Liverpool: A.W.Bruon 22,500 Wallace L. Gough 2o,0O0 General RubberO 14,000 George A. Alden A Co 11.000 G?,.^! Skpt, 29.— By the /JTu>i/IvaniHambiirg: Poel* Arnold .. 32,0C0 A.T.Morse&Co I6.OO0 General RubberCo lIPOiiO George A. Alden & Co 4,00ii 62,000 Oct. 12 —By the Ba(iic=Llverpool: A.T.MorseACo 29,000 Poel*: Arnold 16,000 Robert Crooks & Co 13,500 58.500 Oct. 14 —By the Cnrnpaniai^ Liverpool: General Rubber Co 10.000 Ocr. 18.— By the Ocor(7ic=LlverpooI: A.T.Morse&Co 33.000 Poel&Arnoid 220(i0 Wallace L. Gough 15000 A. W. Brunn 18,000 82,000 Oct. 19.— By the /{(iefn=Bremen : General Rubber Co 27,000 Oct. 1;i.— By the Tciifonicr: Liverpool George A. Alden & Co ll,.50n Poel & Arnold 5,500 Henry A. Gould Co 6.000 A.T.Morse&Co 2,000 24,000 Oct. 20.— By the Ai(ricia=Hamborg: George A. Alden & Co 33.noo Poel & Arnold 37,000 70,000 Oct. 21— By the /-a 7'0Mrain«= Havre: General RubberCo 28,500 Oct. 23— Bythe t7m7ir(l.0(ir) Oct. 21.— By the Kefmebecs Singapore: Pierre T. Belts 13.600 A.T. Morse & Co 1.3,500 Poel&Arnold 10,000 Wallace I.. Gough «,ooo 4,s,O0(i Oct. 23.— By the 5c. Paui= London: Poel&Arnold 4,600 OUTTA-JBLUIONG. Sktt. 25— By the Indiamayo :SlDgapore: Heabler*Co 'm.OOO (ieorge A. Alden * (Jo 175.000 D. A. 8haw& ( o 100.000 Kobert Braiiss&Co ('5.000 Koblnson & Tallman 100.000 Pierre T. Boits 35.000 Wallace L. Gough 35.000 790,080 Oct. 5.-By the African jPri»ce=Slngapore: George A. Aldcn & Co 1(0.000 J. H. Recknagel& Sous 100 OOo Poel& Arnold ... 55 000 255,000 Oct. 17.— By the .S7. H«(7o=singap re: Wallace L. Gough 410.000 J. H. RecKnagel& Son 100 OOO Heabler&Co. . 50000 Pierre T. Betts 11,000 571,000 Oct. 21.— By the iiLennebec=Slngapore: Ileabler & Co 265 OflO Georee A. Alden&uo l.W.OOO Pierre T. Betts 1.50.000 Poeia Arnold 80,000 HAST INDIA IV.— Continued. Winter* Smillle loo.ono Robert T. Kranss#i Co 100.000 Wallace L. Gouj;!! 65 ncKi Koblnson & Talliuan luiooo 1.016.000 GUTTA-PERCHA AND B A L A T A. P0UH1>». Sei'T. 25— By the /ndr(imayo=Slngapore: George A. Alden ,S Co ll.ooi) Sett. 29.— By the i]omt>ia=Hainburs : To Order 7,00o Oct. 5 —By the African 7*rfnce=Singipore: George A. Alden & Co 25.000 Oct. 17.— By the SI Huoo=Slngapore: George A. Al(lon& to 22 500 Winter*. Smillle 2,000 24..500 Oct. 20.— By the Pa()-icin=Hamburg: ToOrder 20,000 Oct. 21.— By the /i:ciiiie()fc=Slngapore! Kobert Branss & Co 15,00c balata. Sept. 28.— By the Or(;nada=Trlnldad: l"rame& Co 6,ooo 0CT2.— Bythelfeui ror;(=London: Earle Brothers 6,50(i Oct. 4.— By the JVf(ije8(ic= Liverpool: Henry A. Gould 4,600 Oct. 9 —By the 3farat)a/=Trlnldad: Thebaud Brothers 13,500 Oct. 10.— By the Pi)i=l.lverpool : George A. Alden & Co.- East Indian Total. 5 877 432 9.173 3,3«3 25.738 [Value, $14,789-] OFFICIAL STATISTICS OF CRUDE INDIA-RUBBER (in Pounds). . UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN. MONTHS. IMPORTS. BXPORTS. NKT IMPORTS. MONTHS. IMPORTS. 1 BXPORTS. NBT IMPORTS* August X905 2,297,029 42.382,481 217,509 1,835,143 2,079,520 40,547,338 42,626,858 39.409.355 36.670,303 Aufi'Ust 100^. 4,769,184 2,606,720 37,519.776 20,445,720 2,102.464 17.074,056 Tanuary- Tulv lanuarv-Tulv Eight months, 1905.. Eight months, 1904.. Eight months. 1903 . Eight months, 1905. Eight months, 1904 . Eight months, 190V. 44,679,510 41,630,173 38.655. ri9 2,052,652 2,220,818 1,984,816 42,288,960 1 23,112,440 38,298,848 1 22,141,062 35.090 272 1 25.428.032 19,176,520 16,157,786 9.662.240 GERMANY. August, 1905. January-July. Eight months, 1905. Eight months, 1904. Eight months. 1903. 3,402,080 26,284,060 29,686,140 23755,600 23.468,940 1,714,020 8,455,700 10,169,720 6,587,680 7,768.420 NBT IMPORTS. 1,688,060 17,828,360 19,516,420 17,167,920 15,700.520 ITALY. August, 1905. January-July. Ejght months, 1905. . Eight months, 1904... Eight months. 1903.. 205,040 954,360 1,159,400 1,051,820 1,075.800 70 400 147,620 218,020 75.460 100.760 NBT IMPORTS. 134,640 806,740 941,380 976,360 975.040 FRANCE.* AUSTRIA- HUNGARY. MONTHS. IMPORTS. BXPORTS. NET IMPORTS. MONTHS. IMPORTS. EXPORTS. NBT IMPORTS. August. 1905 January-July 1,710,720 16,462,820 1,310,760 9,477,820 399,960 6,985,000 August, 1905 145 640 1,842,940 21.340 21.340 15,180 17,160 145.640 1,821,600 Eight months, 1905 Eight months. 1904 Eight months, 1903 Eight months, 1905 Eight months, 1904 Eight months, 1903... 18.173,540 13,976,820 10,738.420 10,788,580 7,431,160 6,ti8,200 7,384,960 6,545,660 4.620.220 1,988,580 1,931,600 1.984,400 1,967,240 1.916,420 1,967.240 BELGIUM i MONTHS. IMPORTS. EXPORTS. NET IMPORTS- Noth. — German statistics include Gutta-percha. Balata. old (waste) rubber, and substitutes. British figures include old rubber. French. Austrian, and Italian figures include Guttapercha. The exports from the United States embrace August, 1905 January-Juiy 1,593,191 10,172,439 942,598 7,314,076 650,593 2,858,363 Eight months, 1905 Eight months, 1904 Eight months, 1903 11,765.630 11,699,384 10,470.295 8,256.674 9.727,955 8.134,959 3,508,956 1,971,429 2.335,336 • General Commerce. i Special Commerce. November i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD u HIGH GRADE RUBBER GOODS BELTING PACKINGS VALVES VALVE SHEET TUBING and CASKETS (MADE IN CANADA) RUBBER HOSE -FOR- WATER SUCTION STEAM AIR Fire Protection ACIDS BREWERS Pneumatic Tools Sole Manufaciurers of the celebrated "MALTESE CROSS" and "LION" Brands Rubbers. The best fitting, best wearing and most stylish rubber footwear on the market. ^^SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO EXPORT nRnFRS =^ = H. D. WARREN, President and Treasurer. C. N. CANDEE, Secretary. Mention The India Rubber World when you tvrite. The Gutta Percha & Rubber Mfg. Co. of Toronto, Ltd. Head Offices— 47 Yonge Street, TORONTO, CANADA. = = THE = = GRANBY RUBBER CO. RUBBER BOOTS, SHOES, AND CLOTHING. S. H. C. MINER, President, J. H. McKECHNIE, Qen'l Hgr. Factories: GRANBY, QUEBEC. .Ucniion The India Rubber World when yon \ Journal d'Agriculture Tropicale, AGRICULTURAL, SCIENTIFIC, COnHERCIAL. PUBLISHED BY J. VILBOUCHEVITCH, 10, Rue Delambre, Paris. (France.) Subscription: One Year, = 20 Francs. The Journal of Tropical Agriculture deals with all branches of tropical cultivation, giving prominence to the planting of Caoutchouc and the scientilic study of Caoutchouc species. The Journal is international in character, and is planned especially to interest readers in all lands where the French language is spoken or read. Mmtion The India Rubber World when you urrUe. THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST and nagazine of the Ceylon Agricultural Society, ■yHE Tropical Agriculturist (fully illusiiated) is now an official publication ''- with special scientific papers in addition to many of ils old features. Edited by DR. J. C. WILLIS. 'Director of the Ro^al Botanic Gardens, Ceylon. Rubber cultivation and the chemistry of Rubber. form one of the features of the journal ; full infornialion on Ceylon and Malay Penin- sula methods and progress. ' All about Tea, Collee, Cacao. Tobacco, Cinchona. Cinnamon, Fibre Plants. Cocoanuts and other Palms, Citronella, Lemon Grass and Essential Oil grasses, and all tropical products. Rates of Subscription for America, including Postage. YcARLV. $6.50. jN Advance, $5.00. Half yearly, $3.00. " " $2.60. The Tropical Agriculturist circulates throughout the world, especially in the Tropics, and is a Jirst-class advertising medium. The rates being very moderate. Special advantageous terms to American ad\ertiscrs. A. M. and J. FERGUSON, "Ceylon Observer" officea. Colombo. Ceylon. 4^ Manuals and Publicatlona on all Tropical Planting Subjects. Mention The India Rubber World when you ivrite. LII THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1905. The Gutta Percha & Rubber Mfg. Co. ESTABLISHED 1855 Rubber Belting, Packing, Hose, Mats, Matting AND MECHANICAL RUBBER GOODS OF EVERY KIND. •Sife WAREROOMS : i 1 ' .' 1 Nos. 126-128 Duane St. ^ NEW YORK. ^s= :SI& BRANCH stores: 96-98 Lake St.. CHICAQO. 71 Pearl St., BOSTON 221 Chestnut St., PHILADELPHIA. 30 & 32 Fremont St., SAN FRANCISCO. ^I? A. SPAOONE, Pr». HENRY SPADONE, Vice-Pres. Mention the Inilin Kubher World w/ien you lorite MATTHEW HAWE, Treu. HOOD RUBBER GO. MANUFACTURERS OF RUBBER BOOTS and SHOES BOSTON, MASS. 1856 FORTY-NINE YEARS EXPERIENCE 1905 TYRIAN DRUGGISTS P Uention The India Rubber World when vou write. RUBBER GDODS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS. RUBBER MOULD WORK A SPECIALTY. TVER RUBBER COMPANY, Andover, Mass. Mention The India Bubber IA>rW when you wrlU. HLORIDE OF SULPHUR SULPHIDE OF CARBON iRBON TETRA-CHLORIDE ALCANNIN PASTE Geo. W. Speaight, > Fulton St., The BEST BUCKLES for ARCTICS ARB nADB BV THE WELD MFQ. CO., 41 Lincoln Street, - - Boston. /■/^ If RAIN COATS Musi have this Circalir Trade Mark itamped In nside of coat,, ^,Q\jTcmc iWPebcH^ Edited by HENRT C. PEARSON— Offices. No. 150 Nassau Street, NEW YORK. foL :sxxin. No, 3. DECEMBER 1, 1905. 86 Csnti a Copy. $8.00 Per Tear. [Bisf fasngs^ ^ ^^^i^tTaM^^^^miBi i k p [i m k k m m I i k f m i ^ jii Ghlot »:^ We Manufactiire Our Products "by Mechanical Means. ^^^ THE BLOOMINGDALE SOFT RUBBER WORKS Manufacturers of THE FINEST GRADES OF Reclaimed and Devulcanized Rubber FOR Manufacturing and Mechanical Purposes. biiOoikiimgdaimx:, n. j. MetMvn llie India Rubber World when you wrlle. SE ! lB)slBS^^ai^^^^^@asaSg^iEii^^.P If — xx\ of 1 Z I Sulpl i i] Girt i »"' 1 Chloi M _ m i Larg '^' Maki int Wor 2 m f" AckBi ,^ Proce I Co. I Niags hi Falls, I II — ? LAMPBLACKS especially for RUBBER MANUFACTURE. SAMUEL CABOT, BOSTON, MASS. u THE INDIA RUBBER ^^'ORLD [December i, 1905. TRADE MARK The Largest Rubber Factory in Canada, and one of the Largest in the World. SHOE OUTPUT 15,000 Pairs Daily. Established 1854. THEGANADIANRUBBERGOMPANYOFMONTREAL MANUFACTURERS OF LIMITED. All Kinds of High Grade Mechanical Rubber Goods GENERAL RUBBER SPECIALTIES. Celebrated "CANADIAN" Rubbers. FIRE HOSE AND FIRE DEPARTMENT SUPPLIES. Exclusive Agents in Canada for The Fabric Fire Hose Co., N. Y. Factory and Executive Offices: MONTREAL, QUEBEC. 'We are always open to correspond with experienced Rubber men, both for Factory and Eiecutive Work. •'If of Rubber, we have it, or can make it." Inventions kindred to the Trade and ideas for development, invited. Our Development Department gives these matters special attention. SIR H. MONTAGU ALLAN, President. D. LORNE McGIBBON, General Manager. December i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 69 Fsblished on the lat of eaoh Month bj THEliNDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING CO. No. 150 NASSAU ST.. NEW TOEK. HENRY C. PEARSON, EDITOR. HAWTHORNE HILL, ASSOCIATE. Vol. 33. DECEMBER 1. 1905. No. 3. Hdbboriptions : S3.00 per year, (1.76 (or six moottas, postpaid, for the United States and Canada. Foreign countries, same price. Special Rates for Clubs of five, ten or more subscribers. Advkrti81ne and washed is liable to heat en route, which is against it." THE ELECTRICAL TRADE IN GERMANY. THE report of Deutsche Kabelwerke Actiengesellschaft (Berlin ; works at Rummelsburg ; founded in 1896 and having 2,000,000 marks capital) for the last business year shows larger earnings than in the preceding year, permitting the distri- bution of 5 per cent, in dividends against 3 per cent, in 1904. The report states : " This is caused by the larger cable demand as well as by the changed market conditions. On account of the in- creasing tendency for municipal ownership many of the electri- cal works have passed from the hands of the electrical contract- ing companies to city control, and the market for cable supplies has become more open. This affords better chances of obtain- ing large orders which heretofore fell into the hands of the con- cessionaire without competition. The manufacturers of spe- cialties are also benefitted by the increasing number of electric plants erected by cities and municipalities. The prices were only slightly in advance over those of the former year. Com- petition remained very keen and raw material prices very high. The management hope to even up on this by perfecting the facilities for working up the raw material. The participants in the company are : The Union Cable Co., Limited (London) and the Cyklon Maschinen Fabrik (Berlin). The first one gave sat- isfactory earnings and business is increasing. The Cyklon com- pany, making the well known Cyclonet, has not made its an- nual report as yet, but, judging from the great activity of their business, a good result is expected. The present turnover and orders now in hand are 50 per cent, more than last year." A PROMISING plantation of Hevca rubber has been started at Koolau, on the Island of Maui, Sandwich Islands, 236 acres having already been planted. The moving spirits in the matter are Mr. Hugh Howell, county surveyor of the island named, and certain sugar planters. December i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBL.ER ^A^ORLD 73 EXPERIENCES IN COLOMBIA— RUBBER PROSPECTS. By the Editor of The India Rubber World." IT had been my fortune a number o( times to observe the pic- turesque coast of Colombia from the sea, on both the At- lantic and Pacific sides. but upto the time that the good ship Sarnia landed me at Savanilla I had never set foot on its sacred soil. It was. therefore, with much Interest that I stood on deck and watched the approach of the vessel to the 300-foot iron pier that is about, all there is of the " Port of Colombia." There was. to be sure, a cluster of huts about the little rail- way station ; huts that seemed to grow up out of the desolate shore much as the cactus and mesquite did, without any human intervention, but the result rather of a dry. creative impulse of some arid desert god. We had been shouldered and bufTetted for several days by the restless Carib- bean, scorched by the sun and wilted by the heat, and we were glad of the prospect o f getting ashore. We. therefore, en- tered in spirit into the feelings of our captain, who was racing with a French steamer for a good moor- ing, and whose Teutonic oaths we piously echoed without knowing exactly what they meant. Whether this helped in the race is a question, but at all events we got the berth, and as we were making fast the captain joined our group, his good na- ture restored, and as we stood under the awning, sheltered from a shower not much bigger than a pocket handkerchief, he called attention to a man standing on the pier who was Gen- eral Somebody, and a personage of great importance. " You mean the chap in the macin- tosh ? " asked an English shipmate. " No. the man in the rubber goat," growled the captain. Both of them stood pat and the ar- gument lasted long after we left them and stepped upon the pier. It was crowded with freight cars, natives, sailors, and the nondescript Anglo-Saxons that become residents ol such places and never get either money or energy enough to get away. Did I say that it was Sunday when we landed .•■ Well, by the calendar it certainly was the holy Sabbath, but so far as we could see, no one observed it but ourselves, which we did by rigidly abstaining from work and preparing to journey up to Barranquilla early Monday morning. This town, which is some 19 miles away, is connected with the port by a jerk VIEW OF BARRANQUILLA. HOMES OF THE POOR, water railroad that has great difficulty in negotiating two trips in 24 hours. We therefore made all preparations, and as I was the only one who knew how to ask for three tickets in Spanish, I was elected treasurer, and full of confidence approached the ticket oHice with the demand, " Tres botia Barranquilla." After much conversation and considerable sign language, I discovered that single fare was $88, round trip being $74 ; so I bought round trips, thus saving S42. The price seemed a little high, but It gave us an added respect for a corporation that could secure such prices. Taking our places in the passenger coach, which was about 15 feet long, with exceedingly narrow sides, we were bestowed as comfortably as might be. We three were the only Ameri- canos, and the Co- ombians, particu- arly those with the store teeth, which seemed to be quite a fad, smiled at us be- nignly. We were unable to sit to- gether, and to one fell the luck of being seated by the side of an ex- c e e d I n g 1 y dark complexioned lady with much adipose tissue, who shook with J the motion of the train so that we feared her calico swathings would give way and she would run all over the floor; while between her and our companion sat a perfectly naked boy about six years old. I have forgotten .how the rest of us were bestowed, I was so interested In watching the dis- gusted look on the face of the crowded one. When the train was loaded and ev- erything ready, we'had the usual South American wait of about a half hour, and then finally, after much protesting on the part of the fussy little engine, the train dragged slowly along the wharf, around by the station, and fol- lowing the shore took its way through most uninteresting country until we reached Barranquilla. This proved to be quite a city, Spanish-American throughout, and unspoiled by the tour- ists. Around the station were two score of rickety carriages, to which were at- tached, by rusty and nondescript har- nesses, a collection of horses, cadaverous and dispirited in the extreme. Two of them succeeded, however, In getting us and our luggage to the Hotel Anglais, run by an English woman, where we secured a room. It contained four beds, a passage way between them, a washstand, and a broad balcony 74 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [December i, 1905. overlooking the street. The heat was really terrific and the sandy streets of the town shot it up into the rooms until it seemed almost unbearable. Our stout companion by this time had a splitting headache, so we put him to bed and began to take care of him. I secured for him a cup of tea, part of which he drank. Another got him a glass of lemonade, which seemed to do him more good than the tea, and then for the moment he felt so much bet- ter that we got a waiter to bring him up a light meal, after which, discovering that the hotel afforded ice cream, he had a plate of that. Then he began to feel ill again ; in fact quite sick at the stomach ; indeed I think he would have refunded all he had eaten had I not shown him the bill, which is repeated in the mar- Tea $10. gin. Thrifty Lemonade. Food Ice cream .. . . j„; New Eng- '5- lander that Total $3;, he was, he subdued nature and in a swel- ter of perspiration announced his intention of keeping what he had paid so high for. Our British hostess did not have any time to spend upon us, and as English was an unknown language in the town, we were doubly fortunate in making the acquaintance of Julius Caesar Visbal, a coffee colored, barefooted urchin brought up in Ja- maica, who spoke English fluently and melodiously. His pres- ence so cheered the sick one that he suddenlybecame convales- cent, lost his headache, got up and joined us while we did the town. Julius was indeed a treasure. He explained everything to us briefly and quaintly, and incidentally gathered at his heels one-half of the population of the town, who cared not a whit for us but who wanted to hear him talk English. That night we dined in the main dining hall, but my appetite was spoiled by a sign on the wall which read as indicated herewith : Ice cream $ is. Sliced ham . 41. Ox tongue 100. After dinner we walked around in the cool of the evening, bought some Aztec pot- tery warranted to be genuine, and later retired to our room. It was then that we be- gan to appreciate the deadly stillness of the tropics. The dog fight that started in the hallway opposite our room ended in the room, as the combatants fell against the door and burst in. This, mingled with the evening song of several cats, the katydid chorus, and the constant whistling of the police patrol, soon lulled us to sleep; that is, accurately speaking, it lulled one of us. who, when he once lost himself, had the whole tropical chorus beaten MOUTH OF THE SINU RIVER PANORAMIC VIEW OF CARTAGENA- to a Standstill. As an originator of strange gasps, groans, sobs, and strangling snorts, he outclassed anything that we had ever heard before, and while we did not sleep, we lay and listened, filled with awe as in the presence of the emperor of all snorers. In the morning, desirous of showing our appreciation of what Julius had done for us, we asked him to name hisown re- ward, and he decided that he would like a pair of shoes. We therefore purchased for him for $30 a pair of stout leather shoes, and for $15 more a pair of stockings. Then loath to part with him we gave him money to purchase a ticket to ride down to Savanilla with us and see us off. This he did in the thriftiest sort of fashion by buying a third class ticket, round trip, for $10, and enter- ing our first class car and calmly putting himself under our protection and ignoring the expostulations of the out- raged conductor. We found incidentally that the fact that Julius went away with us caused a wave of indignation to run throughout the town, as they believed we had practically ab- ducted him. A British friend also who had remained aboard the steamer, was very much surprised to see the treatment that we accorded Julius and asked an explanation of it, in reply to which the Manufacturer said, jocosely : " Him and me is partners." " I am sure you are, from your grammar," replied the Briton, with a sarcastic emphasis that was delightful. We had dinner on the boat and alter dinner I rendered an account of my stewardship, which the figures show : Ticket, Julius. . . $ 10. Total $1:^36 All this money for 24 hours of doubt- ful pleasure. I have forgotten whether I re- marked that $1 of Uncle Sam's mo- ney was readily taken by the Co- lombians for $100 of their own. The reason for the great depreci- ation in Colombi- an currencj'is said to be that 25 years ago Colom- bia coined both gold and silver which circulated at par, but the law allowed all debts to be paid in silver, which was the cheaper, and in a very short time gold went out of use and became a subject for speculation rather than a circulating medium. We got away at 11 o'clock that night and on the following morning were out of sight of land, continuing so all day. As there were no ladies aboard, and as it was exceedingly hot, we lived in pajamas and came nearer to being comfortable than we Railroad tickets . $ 2=2. Tip .. . .$ 5 Carriage 80. Miscellaneous. . .. 150 Three lemonades . 24. Hotel ... S45 December i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER V70RLD 75 had any time for a week. It was told us incidentally during the day by one of the officers that the report had gone abroad in Barranquillathat the president of the United States had been assassinated— a report circulated probably by some one who was feeling sore about Panama. The matter furnished a day's excitement, until the arrival of the next steamer confirmed its untruthfulness. We knew that nothing of the kind had hap- pened, however, so were not worried by the report. The following morning found us at the entrance of the harbor FIGURES IN THE MAP RELATE TO THE LOCATION OF RUBBER PLANTATIONS (MEN TIONED ON ANOTHER PAGE) BELONGING TO THE FOLLOWING 8 9- I. JUAN C. OLIFK 2 CICERON ANGEL. 3. CARLOS NICOLAS KKKKI-R lO. 4. GONZALO ZUNIC.A II. 5 MELUK & CO. 12. 6. DELFINO DIAZ. I3. 7. MANUEL RIOS. LOUIS CONZALLS. ABUCHAR HERMANOS. RENE GRANGER. LOUIS M SANTAMARIA. FRANCISCO DE B CARASCO. " LE BARRIGONa" — DE LA TORRE BROTHERS, at Cartagena. We entered by the old Spanish forts, passing groves of palms, coming into a beautiful stretch of harbor where fronting us lay the old walled city, built close to the water's edge, with a background of tree clad heights, a sight picturesque and beautiful, a wonderful contrast to the Colom- bian towns we had just left. Making fast to the pier, the steamer was at once surrounded by dugouts, in which natives with monkeys, parrots, coral, etc., tried to tempt money from the reluctant pockets of the passengers. Getting ashore we took a short railroad ride to the middle of the city and breakfasted at the Hotel Americano. Even here there were few Anglo-Saxons. Indeed one of the store- keepers to whom we had letters of introduction said at that time there were only 7 Americans, 4 English- men, and 3 Germans in the city. The old city was fas- cinating in the extreme and we spent every moment that we could spare in viewing the walls, the cathe- dral, the fortifications, and the public buildings. We also went up against a native manufacturer of Panama hats and each bought several of them. Incidentally, of course, we looked for rubber, but found that there was very little in town. Indeed few knew anything about rubber any way, either wild or cultivated. A young Philadelphian who went down with us reported that on his company's concession, which covered some 200 square miles, the natives had cut down nearly all the rubber trees, and that that sort of work had followed throughout the whole of their district. It was a very fortunate accident that at this junct- ure brought me in touch with Mr. Henry G. Granger, United States consular agent at Ouibdo, Colombia, and it is due to his instant good will that the follow- ing record is here appended. Quibdo, by the way. on the river Atrato, in western Colombia, is a town of some commercial importance in that region, as well as a political center, being the residence of the prefect of one of the provinces. The term "theChoci'>" mentioned by Mr. Granger is a legacy from former days, when a province existed by that name, derived from an ancient Indian race called the Chocos. The region referred to now, however, forms a portion of the present department of Cauca. Mr. Granger's information follows: " Thirty years ago the production of wild rubber in the Choco amounted to several million pounds per year. The trees were cut down and bled to the branches. As the wild Castilloa here runs a free latex, it is gathered in kerosene cans or holes in the ground and is brought to market in solid cakes. Owing to the destruction of the trees, the output steadily fell ofT and the cakes became adulterated by earth and non elastic saps mixed in to make weight until the business became pretty well discredited, and relatively non important. Then attention began to be called to small balls of rolled strips, chaza (pronounced 'chassa') which were brought in by Indians and occasional negroes, which were taken from cultivated trees by culling the bark with machetes at intervals of a few inches as far as a man could reach. The cultivated trees are called ' borroso ' as they give a thick latex which runs but a short distance down ihe Hunk and is gathered when dry by tearing cf! the strips and rolling them into balls or packing in boxes in which case they dry in the form of the receptacle. " Practically all traveling in the Choco is done by 76 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [December i, 1905. SCLNt IN woibuw, A nUdbCH TKADiNu CtNTtB. water, and soon canoes began to arrive bringing only ' chaza," as this class of rubber, in view of the superior price it brought in the foreign markets, was paid for at much higher rates than the ordinary cakes. This stimulated the negroes and about nine or ten years ago they began to plant rub- ber, until to-day of the estimated population of 80,000 negroes in the Choco, he is the exception who has not. if not bearing, at least a few dozen trees planted. And some of them have as high as 4000 trees in a plantation. " Now, in the rubber shipped from Choci) the cake is the excep- tion and chaza the rule. "The products of the Choco are shipped by the steamer CondariinA a number of dory shaped schoon- ers to Cartagena on the Atlantic coast, and by dugouts to Buena- ventura on the Pacific. The only two vessels which have kept a record o( their classified freight for the past year are the steamer Condor and the schooner LUMBER AND WILD RUBBER CAMP. COLOMBIAN SCENERY. Tulia. Inquiiy from their owners resulted in the statement that they carried during this period 71 and So tons of rubber re- spectively. As there are a number of other schooners which run to Ouibdo and are known to bring rubber, it is entirely reasonable to place their entire to- tal at that of the Tulia, or a gen- eral total to the port of Cartagena of 231 tons per year. Senor Luis Durier of the firm of Zuniga iS: Diaz, at present manager of their Cartagena house, who has had ex- tended experience in the province of San Juan, says that unquestion- ably this region shops as much as the Atrato. But if it shipped far less we would still have a product of over a ton a day, the great ma- jority of which is chaza, or the pro- duct of standing cultivated trees. '• It is an accepted fact that in five, or even four years if well cared for. a rubber tree in the Cho(6 will give a total annual product, of various cuttings or tappings, of a pound of chaza. and that if care is taken not to injure the tree, this amount will annually in- MEDELLIN STREET SCENE. MEDELLIN— HOME OF A WEALTHY CITIZEN. December i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 77 crease. The commerce of the Choci'i is in white race, who live in the principal towns, into rubber planting, and some esteem the than their merchandizing. Among the principal ones are : Juan C. Oiler. RioSucio, Atr.ito, Co- lombia. ( iceron Angel. (Juibdo, Atrato, Co- lombia. Carlos Nicolas Ferrer, Quibdo, Atra- to, Colombia. C'lonzalo Zunlga, Quibdo, Atrato, Co- lombia. Meluk & Co., Quibdo. Atrato, Co- lombia. Dellino Diaz, Quibdo, Atrato, Co- lombia. Manuel RIos, Rio Sucio, Atrato, Co- lombia. I.uis Gonzales, Tuibo, Atrato, Co- lombia. Abuchar Ilermanos, Sautata, Atra'o, Colombia. Kene Granger, manager, Yanko m- ba, Atrato, Colombia. I.uls M. Santamara, manager, La Carolina, Uraba, Colombia. Francisco de B. Carrasco, Istmlna Choco, San Juan, Colombia. — not to mention the hundreds of small plantations of much larger aggregate than the above, whose planting will amount to probably about 300,000 trees ; all of Casiil loa except at La Carolina, which is trying Manihot Glaziovii with the hands of the seeds brought from Don Simon de la Torres's ranch ' La Bar- Many have gone rigona ' on the upper Magdalena, which in turn brought seeds r plantations more from Ceylon. " It is found that rubber to thrive in the Choci> must be planted in the sun, and the accepted distance apart is 4 to 5 meters. The con- struction of the Colombia Central railroad from the gulf of Uraba (Darien) to the interior will open up a lot of rubber land in addition to the areas already accessible Banana raising, quartz mining, and gold dredging are industries of great promise here, but none of them will surpass the rubber plant- ing business if the present enthu- siasm continues, and judging from the outlook it will." Incidentally other details have come to my notice regarding the interest in rubber planting that is being developed in Colombia, and which will be put in shape for my readers in the near future. This interest really is larger than I had had reason to appreciate, and is likely to become very important. Important concessions for exploit- ing crude rubber are also about to be developed. TOR (ON THE RIGHT) AND HIS COMPANIONS DU VOYAGE [The Boy is Julius Ci-s.ir.l SUQAR c- TYPICAL INDUSTRIES OF COLOMBIA. 78 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [December i, 1905. RUBBER INTERESTS IN EUROPE. OALALITH IN RUSSIA. A CONCESSION has been obtained by G.J. Bierich.of Riga, to form a company, Aktiengesellschaft der Baltischen Fabriken von Galalith- und Hornfabrikation, with a capital of 500,000 rubles [=$257,500], to establish works in the Livland district for producing compounds of Galalith, horn, and other materials, and to make goods from these. The company will work under arrangements with the Internationale Galalith- Gesellschatt Hoff & Co. (Harburg a/d Elbe, Germany). MR. TIPPET RETIRES FROM THE LIVERPOOL. After serving for nearly 21 years as chairman and manag- ing director of The Liverpool Rubber Co., Limited, Mr. Henry Grendon Tippet has retired, to enjoy what his many friends trust will prove a long holiday, which will be devoted to the pleasures of country life at Ross, in Herefordshire. During Mr. Tippet's administration the Liverpool company has enjoyed an era of prosperity which testifies to his capacity and devotion to its interests. As chairman and later a director of the India- Rubber Manufacturers' Association he has exerted himself like- wise in the general interest of the rubber industry. Mr. Tippet remains a member of the board of the Liverpool company ; his successor in the chairmanship is Mr. Max Muspratt, an active and capable young man of 34, a son of Mr. E. K. Muspratt, j. p., chairman of the British Insulated and Helsby Cables, Lim- ited, of Prcscot. / GERMANY. The Deutsche Guramischuh-Vertriebs-Gesellschaft G. m. b. H. (German Rubber Shoe Distributing Co., Limited), of Berlin, which has the exclusive sale of the "Harburg-Wien" and " Cal- mon " rubber shoes, announces that it was not affected by the fire at the Harburg works, in so far as the warehouses contain- ing the stock for the entire season were wholly saved The company therefore is in no way impeded in making deliveries. = S;ichsisch-Bohmische Gummiwaren-Fabrik Actiengesell- schaft. formerly having factories at Dresden Lobtau and at Bii- nauburg (Bohemia), but recently operating only the latter, has been merged with Frankfurter Gummiwaren-Fabrik Carl Stockicht Actiengesellschaft, formed last year to acquire the works before carried on by S'o:kicht as a private concern at Frankfort o/M. The Biinauburg works will continue to be op- erated, thus giving the Stockicht company two factories — one each in Germany and Austria. = Pahrsche Gummi-und Asbest-Gesellschaft m. b. H., at DUsseldorf-Rath, have increased their capital to 850,000 marks [ = $202,300], in accordance with a resolution dated August 11, 1905 GREAT BRITAIN. W. T. Henley's Telegraph Works Co., Limited, announce the issue of ^150.000 at 4)^ per cent, first mortgage debenture stock, of which ;^4i,798 is allotted for the retirement of exist- ing debentures and the remaining ^108,022 oflfered for public subscription. The company are building an additional factory at Gravesend, and the new issue is intended principally to meet the expenditure upon the new works. = The eleventh International Shoe and Leather Fair, held during the first week of November in London, included some notable exhibits of rubber boots and shoes, together with rub- ber soles for sporting and other shoes, and particularly a great variety of rubber heel pads. VEREINIGTE GUMMIWAREN-FABRIKEN HARBURG-WIEN. The gross profits of the goods account for the business year ending June 30 last amounted to j^/ 3.040 445 96 [ = $723 626.14], against M 2,729 948.29 of the preceding year, and M 3 374,100.- 67 in the year 1902-03. The net profit tor the last business \ear amounted to M 850,522.84 [ = $202 424 44J against M 830,301.45 last year, and was disposed of as follows : Net profit for this year M 850,522 84 Dividend 5 per cent, on the entire capital 300,000 00 Less 10 per cent. Commission to the Directors. Add Balance from profits of 1903-04 M 550.522 84 55,052.28 M 495,47° 56 181,478 36 M 676,948 92 Dividend 7^ per cent, on the entire capital 450,00.0.00 Less Officers' Pension Funds. M 226,948.92 50,000.00 Balance to 1905-06 M 176,94892 The capital of the company remains at M b.ooo.ooo [=$!,- 428,000]. and the reserves at the former large figures. AFTER THE FIRE (OCTOBER 7) — VEREINIGTE GUMMIWAREN-FaBRIKEN HARBURG-WIEN. [See The India Rubbkr Worlp, November i, 1905— page 55.] December i, 1905.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 79 THE INDIA-RUBBER TRADE IN GREAT BRITAIN. By Our Regular Correspondent. THE beginning of November sees rubber manufacturers busy preparing their samples and quotations in response to the tenders sent out by the Admiralty. This year things are on a somewhat different footing from the past. Not only is there a new chief chemist at the head of the Admiralty laboratory, but the strong represen- ADMiRALTY t^tion made a year or so ago by manufacturers CONTRACTS. o y as to the nature of the tests employed has led to a decided alteration. The new specification for A quality is, I think, of sullicient interest to give in full : The India rubber is to be made of pure Caoutchouc of the quality speci- fied below, with no other ingredients than sulphur and white oxide of zinc. The sulphur is not to exceed 3 per cent, and the oxide of zinc is not to exceed 40 per cent., reckoned on the manufactured rubber. It is to be of a homogeneous character throughout and is to be thoroughly compressed free from air holes, pores, and all other imperfections ; it must contain no crumb rubber, recovered rubber, or other treated or waste rubber, or rubber substitute of any kind. It must endure a dry heat of 270°. F. for 2 hours without impairing its quality. The quality of the Caoutchouc used must be of such a character that after it has been made up into the vulcanized and tinisbed article, as defined above, not more than 10 parts per cent, of organic matter and sulphur calculated on the non-mineral matter present can be extracted from the rubber by boil- ing it for 6 hours in a finely ground condition with a 6 per cent, solu- tion of alcoholic caustic potash. The alteration from the old specification consists in the sub- stitution of the moist heat test 4 hours at 320° F. by the alco- holic potash test as a means of detecting the presence of substi- tute or highly resinous rubbers. In addition the words " Para rubber" vanishes and "pure Caoutchouc" appears instead. The new test requires careful reading: I don't say that it is am- biguous, but that its tenor is not at once apparent to the busi- ness man in a hurry is a matter of fact which has come promi- nently under my own observation. Now that the question of honesty does not arise in sending rubber which is not fine Pari, there is plenty of scope for man- ufacturers to exercise their skill in producing a compound which will stand the tests and not be prohibitive in price. It is an open secret that the bulk of the contracts placed in the past have been for rubber which did not consist entirely of pure Para and rejections were assignable more to excess of sulphur than to failure in other respects. The new test may be taken as an indication that the chemical examination throughout will be of a more severe character than under the old regime, though as long as it does not go beyond what is laid down in the speci- ification the manufactuters have no legitimate cause for grum- bling. There is a point which has arisen, however, under the new regime which certainly discloses an unsatisfactory state of affairs. In a certain class of g,ods the manufacturers have largely ignored the old specification and supplied a rubber mix- ing which their own experience has shown to be much more suitable. This has been done for years and as the price quoted has been much lower than if the specification had been adhered to the country has been a gainer. Now, however, the manu- facturers are to supply a rubber, under pain of rejection, which is quite unsuitable for the purpose and which must necessarily be more costly. Evidently we have here another case where a conference of manufacturers with the non-technical authorities seems not only desirable but absolutely necessary if this partic- ular portion of the country's business is to be carried on on sen- sible lines. As the case stands at present a manufacturer who sends a sample of what he has been supplying for years will have it rejected on analysis and if he sends what the Admiralty specify for he knows that the goods will not prove satisfactory under the conditions of use, and this of course may easily cause him discredit in trade circles as a maker of unsatisfactory goods. There has been I may say some considerable rejection of admiralty rubber since the new chemist took office but I do not propose to go into details. It ought to be pointed out that the present dry heat test of two hours is an alteration of the old one which was only one hour at 27o°F. With regard to this test it is important that buyer and seller should use pre- cisely the same method of testing, otherwise discrepancies in results are certain. I AM informed that Mr. Samuel Whitehead, who has been for some years works manager at the Leyland and Birmingham Rubber Co., Limited, at Leyland, has entered into an "^^ arrangement with the Wood-Milne Co. to manufacture WORKS. " their heel pads, for which a factory is now in course of erection at Leyland. So far from showing any diminution in popular favor, I have it on good authority that the turnover of the Wood Milne Co. the last twelve months shows an in- crease of 40 per cent, over the previous period. Up to now the company has had its goods manufactured by some of the prin- cipal rubber works, and the effect of the new departure will of course mean a loss of a large amount of business to certain rubber firms. On October 30 the rubber machinery at Messrs. Gotliffe's proofing works at Hyde, near Manchester, was sold piecemeal by auction as a sufficient bid had not been received AUCTION jjjj. jj ^g 2 whole. The firm are continuing in the SALES. <- u ■ . ■ -A waterproofing business at their premises in Ancoats, Manchester, but will in future buy their proofed cloth from the large rubber manufacturers and save themselves from the wor- ries incidental to the manufacture ab initio. The trade gener- ally is looking up, orders and enquiries in this branch being quite numerous compared with a year ago.= ==-On October 31 and succeeding days a sale was held at the works of the Hyde Rubber Works, Limited, of the stock-in-trade, comprising raw and batched rubber, reclaimed rubber, chemicals, and fittings. The premises, as already mentioned, have been acquired by Messrs. Mandleberg & Co., for the habitat of the new Unity Rubber Co. Discord rather than unity has been associated with the works during past years, but the new company has all the elements of success about it. In addition to the above mentioned goods, there was a quantity of manufactured rubber including cycle and motor tires, matting, and heel pads. The conditions of sale had a clause referring to manufactured patent registered or proprietary articles which, it was stated, were sold on the condition that they were only used as scrap rubber. With regard to heel pads, for which there was ani- mated bidding, the auctioneer was closely questioned as to this condition of sale and was evidently in doubt as to whether "this country "as a place of sale included Ireland and Scot- land. Judging by the prices paid I should hardly imagine the heel pads sold will be used only as scrap. There was no machinery on sale, this having evidently been taken over by the new company. Those who were of an inquisitive tnind with regard to this found the workroom doors with notices 80 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [December i, 1905. appended stating that entry was forbidden and drawing atten- tion to the dog, which certainly could be heard within. It was with deep regret that I heard of the recent death of Mr. John Cooper, the managing director of the Dermatine Co., Limited, of Camberwell, London, and I am sure that this feaJing will be shared by all THE LATE MR. JOHN COOPER. those who had business or social relations with him. It was not until 1888 that Mr. Cooper, who was born at Kirkintilloch, left the neighborhood of Glasgow, where he was engaged in journalistic and other work, to come south, and his work at the Dermatine Co. is a good instance of what energy and enthusiasm can accomplish where previous training has not been in the technical branch. Mr. Cooper used to say that he was really no loss to the papers for which he wrote musical crit- icisms, and it certainly seems that he found a sphere in which his undoubted capabilities of organization and of attracting custom could be utilized to greater advantage. The present position of the Dermatine Co. compared with what it was when he joined bears convincing testimony to the work accomplished. As a member of the committee of the India-Rabber Manufac- turers' Association, Mr. Cooper was a regular attendant at the Manchester meetings. Although he had paid many business visits to the Continent, Mr. Cooper had not found time to visit America, though he has often told the writer that he looked forward to doing so. Mr. R. F. H. Webb, who has been for some years a director of the Der- matine Co., will now act as managing director, while Mr. C. R. C. Hart, who has had considerable experience of the business, has been appointed general manager. Under these auspices the company should continue to flourish, though it is inevitable that Mr. Cooper's loss will make itself felt. From all accounts the motor show at Olympia to be held from November 17 to 25 promises to be the biggest thing of its kind that London has seen. As I write I hear that our Editor will be among the visitors and will doubtless take on himself the additional duty of reporter.^—According to a paragraph which has appeared in the daily papers Mr. ClitTord Halle has invented a spring wheel for motor cars to obviate the use of rubber tires. It is stated to have satisfactorily under